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Pathway Description
Cyclophosphamide Metabolism Pathway
Homo sapiens
Drug Metabolism Pathway
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of certain cancers. Following absorption, cyclophosphamide is converted into 4-hydroxyphosphamide by a variety of cytochrome P450 isozymes in the liver. 4-Hydroxyphosphamide is more soluble than cyclophosphamide and is the primary form of the drug that is transported in blood. 4-Hydroxyphosphamide crosses the plasma membrane of the cancer cell and spontaneuosly forms aldophosphamide. This is a reversible reaction. Aldophosphamide can decompose into acrolein and phosphoramide mustard. Phosphoramide mustard is the active alkylating agent and forms alkyl adducts with DNA through a phosphoramide aziridinium intermediate. Alkylation of DNA causes DNA damage and eventually cell death.
References
Cyclophosphamide Pathway References
Fleming RA: An overview of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide pharmacology. Pharmacotherapy. 1997 Sep-Oct;17(5 Pt 2):146S-154S.
Pubmed: 9322882
Perini P, Calabrese M, Rinaldi L, Gallo P: Cyclophosphamide-based combination therapies for autoimmunity. Neurol Sci. 2008 Sep;29 Suppl 2:S233-4. doi: 10.1007/s10072-008-0947-9.
Pubmed: 18690502
Jing Z, Quan T: Clinical Pharmacology of Cyclophosphamide and Ifosfamide. Current Drug Therapy. 2006;1(1):55-84. doi: 10.2174/157488506775268515.
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