788
Pathway
Fatty Acid Oxidation (Steareate)
Fatty acid oxidation is also known as beta-oxidation. Fatty acids are an important energy source because they are anhydrous and can be reduced. Fatty acids are good sources of energy as they yield more energy than carbohydrates. The fatty acid oxidation pathway degrades fatty acids into acetyl-CoA under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Enzymes of this pathway can process short and long chain fatty acids. The first step in the pathway is the conversion of acyl-CoA to enoyl-CoA. The pathway continues in a cycle, each turn removing two carbon atoms from the input acyl-CoA to produce acetyl-CoA. Each turn also produces NADH.
Metabolic
PW001024
Center
PathwayVisualizationContext1311
1792
1716
#000099
PathwayVisualization772
788
Fatty Acid Oxidation (Steareate)
Fatty acid oxidation is also known as beta-oxidation. Fatty acids are an important energy source because they are anhydrous and can be reduced. Fatty acids are good sources of energy as they yield more energy than carbohydrates. The fatty acid oxidation pathway degrades fatty acids into acetyl-CoA under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Enzymes of this pathway can process short and long chain fatty acids. The first step in the pathway is the conversion of acyl-CoA to enoyl-CoA. The pathway continues in a cycle, each turn removing two carbon atoms from the input acyl-CoA to produce acetyl-CoA. Each turn also produces NADH.
Metabolic
3
111226
787
SubPathway
110838
1031
Compound
101
2381
12535077
Campbell JW, Morgan-Kiss RM, Cronan JE Jr: A new Escherichia coli metabolic competency: growth on fatty acids by a novel anaerobic beta-oxidation pathway. Mol Microbiol. 2003 Feb;47(3):793-805.
788
Pathway
2382
6271734
Clark D: Regulation of fatty acid degradation in Escherichia coli: analysis by operon fusion. J Bacteriol. 1981 Nov;148(2):521-6.
788
Pathway
2383
15213221
Morgan-Kiss RM, Cronan JE: The Escherichia coli fadK (ydiD) gene encodes an anerobically regulated short chain acyl-CoA synthetase. J Biol Chem. 2004 Sep 3;279(36):37324-33. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M405233200. Epub 2004 Jun 22.
788
Pathway
1
Cell
CL:0000000
5
Hepatocyte
CL:0000182
4
Cardiomyocyte
CL:0000746
3
Neuron
CL:0000540
7
Epithelial Cell
CL:0000066
2
Platelet
CL:0000233
8
Beta cell
CL:0000639
1
Homo sapiens
9606
Eukaryote
Human
12
Mus musculus
10090
Eukaryote
Mouse
5
Bos taurus
9913
Eukaryote
Cattle
4
Arabidopsis thaliana
3702
Eukaryote
Thale cress
6
Caenorhabditis elegans
6239
Eukaryote
Roundworm
17
Rattus norvegicus
10116
Eukaryote
Rat
10
Drosophila melanogaster
7227
Eukaryote
Fruit fly
3
Escherichia coli
562
Prokaryote
2
Bacteria
2
Prokaryote
Bacteria
24
Solanum lycopersicum
4081
Eukaryote
Tomato
18
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4932
Eukaryote
Yeast
21
Xenopus laevis
8355
Eukaryote
African clawed frog
25
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
83333
Prokaryote
23
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
287
Prokaryote
60
Nitzschia sp.
0001
Eukaryote
Nitzschia4
19
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
4896
Eukaryote
49
Bathymodiolus platifrons
220390
Eukaryote
Deep sea mussel
102
Clostridium taeniosporum
394958
Prokaryote
14
Mitochondrial Outer Membrane
GO:0005741
12
Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
GO:0005743
7
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane
GO:0005789
3
Mitochondrial Matrix
GO:0005759
5
Cytoplasm
GO:0005737
11
Extracellular Space
GO:0005615
2
Mitochondrion
GO:0005739
1
Cytosol
GO:0005829
24
Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space
GO:0005758
13
Endoplasmic Reticulum
GO:0005783
31
Periplasmic Space
GO:0005620
35
Chloroplast
GO:0009507
4
Peroxisome
GO:0005777
10
Cell Membrane
GO:0005886
36
Membrane
GO:0016020
53
Endoplasmic Reticulum Body
GO:0010168
34
Plant-Type Vacuole
GO:0000325
32
Inner Membrane
GO:0070258
6
Lysosome
GO:0005764
16
Lysosomal Lumen
GO:0043202
18
Melanosome Membrane
GO:0033162
25
Golgi apparatus
GO:0005794
20
Endoplasmic Reticulum Lumen
GO:0005788
21
Synapse
GO:0045202
15
Nucleus
GO:0005634
40
Periplasm
GO:0042597
27
Peroxisome Membrane
GO:0005778
8
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
GO:0005790
1
Liver
BTO:0000759
72
9
28
Stomach
BTO:0001307
155
26
8
Blood Vessel
BTO:0001102
74
11
4
Adrenal Medulla
BTO:0000049
71
8
25
Intestine
BTO:0000648
7
Nervous System
BTO:0001484
11
Heart
BTO:0000562
73
10
2
Endothelium
BTO:0000393
18
Pancreas
BTO:0000988
22
14
1
1
PW_BS000022
17
12
1
1
PW_BS000017
49
7
1
1
PW_BS000049
329
14
12
1
PW_BS000028
134
12
12
1
PW_BS000134
331
7
12
1
PW_BS000028
383
7
5
1
PW_BS000100
382
14
5
1
PW_BS000100
288
14
4
1
PW_BS000024
389
14
6
1
PW_BS000112
390
7
6
1
PW_BS000112
384
12
5
1
PW_BS000100
399
14
17
1
PW_BS000113
121
12
17
1
PW_BS000121
484
14
10
1
PW_BS000115
480
12
10
1
PW_BS000115
391
12
6
1
PW_BS000112
398
7
17
1
PW_BS000113
4
3
1
1
PW_BS000004
8
5
1
1
PW_BS000008
15
11
1
PW_BS000015
31
1
5
1
1
PW_BS000031
3
2
1
1
PW_BS000003
2
1
1
1
PW_BS000002
26
1
1
1
5
PW_BS000026
54
1
3
1
5
PW_BS000054
42
24
1
1
PW_BS000042
10
1
7
1
1
PW_BS000010
18
13
1
1
PW_BS000018
70
28
5
1
1
PW_BS000070
103
3
3
1
PW_BS000103
111
5
12
1
PW_BS000111
112
2
12
1
PW_BS000112
108
1
3
PW_BS000108
107
31
3
PW_BS000107
100
5
2
1
PW_BS000100
105
11
3
PW_BS000105
117
1
3
1
PW_BS000117
147
1
24
1
PW_BS000147
155
3
24
1
PW_BS000155
157
2
24
1
PW_BS000157
161
3
18
1
PW_BS000161
159
24
PW_BS000159
166
1
1
PW_BS000166
178
3
21
1
PW_BS000178
152
8
4
PW_BS000152
101
5
3
1
PW_BS000101
188
1
18
PW_BS000024
187
31
18
PW_BS000024
163
2
18
1
PW_BS000163
205
5
6
1
PW_BS000024
206
2
6
1
PW_BS000024
219
31
4
PW_BS000024
220
1
4
PW_BS000024
222
3
4
1
PW_BS000024
213
7
18
1
PW_BS000024
210
13
18
1
PW_BS000024
212
1
7
18
1
PW_BS000024
160
1
18
1
PW_BS000160
170
18
PW_BS000170
225
35
4
1
PW_BS000024
151
1
4
1
PW_BS000151
226
4
4
1
PW_BS000024
162
12
18
1
PW_BS000162
224
2
4
1
PW_BS000024
195
13
18
PW_BS000024
249
13
4
1
PW_BS000024
164
4
PW_BS000164
281
1
25
1
PW_BS000024
285
10
4
1
PW_BS000024
286
36
4
1
PW_BS000024
287
53
4
1
PW_BS000024
227
34
4
1
PW_BS000024
223
12
4
1
PW_BS000024
294
11
4
1
PW_BS000024
308
10
1
1
PW_BS000024
315
1
23
PW_BS000024
318
31
23
PW_BS000024
322
1
23
1
PW_BS000024
312
5
23
1
PW_BS000024
320
11
23
PW_BS000024
293
4
1
PW_BS000024
133
3
12
1
PW_BS000133
114
11
12
PW_BS000114
132
1
12
1
PW_BS000132
327
1
1
12
5
PW_BS000028
347
1
3
12
5
PW_BS000028
345
24
12
1
PW_BS000028
130
13
12
1
PW_BS000130
368
3
60
1
PW_BS000028
310
31
2
PW_BS000024
304
1
2
PW_BS000024
119
2
17
1
PW_BS000119
124
1
5
1
PW_BS000124
388
1
6
1
PW_BS000112
94
3
PW_BS000094
118
1
17
1
PW_BS000118
336
1
12
1
PW_BS000028
109
32
3
PW_BS000109
406
3
5
1
PW_BS000115
407
2
5
1
PW_BS000115
122
5
5
1
PW_BS000122
409
11
5
PW_BS000115
424
1
1
5
5
PW_BS000115
425
1
3
5
5
PW_BS000115
418
24
5
1
PW_BS000115
125
13
5
1
PW_BS000125
120
3
17
1
PW_BS000120
135
5
17
1
PW_BS000135
137
11
17
PW_BS000137
459
1
1
17
5
PW_BS000115
460
1
3
17
5
PW_BS000115
454
24
17
1
PW_BS000115
136
13
17
1
PW_BS000136
479
3
10
1
PW_BS000115
481
2
10
1
PW_BS000115
483
11
10
PW_BS000115
297
5
10
1
PW_BS000024
299
1
10
1
PW_BS000024
495
7
10
1
PW_BS000115
489
24
10
1
PW_BS000115
300
13
10
1
PW_BS000024
501
3
6
1
PW_BS000115
208
11
6
PW_BS000024
506
24
6
1
PW_BS000115
395
13
6
1
PW_BS000113
9
6
1
1
PW_BS000009
5
4
1
1
PW_BS000005
14
10
1
PW_BS000014
13
1
2
1
PW_BS000013
28
1
16
1
1
PW_BS000028
20
4
1
1
1
PW_BS000020
33
18
1
1
PW_BS000033
43
25
1
1
PW_BS000043
24
4
10
1
1
PW_BS000024
60
25
1
PW_BS000060
46
1
1
4
PW_BS000046
29
1
1
1
PW_BS000029
72
5
1
3
PW_BS000072
61
25
1
7
PW_BS000061
36
1
20
1
1
PW_BS000036
37
7
21
1
3
PW_BS000037
93
25
20
1
1
PW_BS000093
27
15
1
PW_BS000027
7
1
1
PW_BS000007
97
1
5
2
1
PW_BS000097
113
6
12
1
PW_BS000113
110
2
3
1
PW_BS000110
123
1
7
5
1
PW_BS000123
126
6
5
1
PW_BS000126
127
1
16
5
1
PW_BS000127
129
1
5
12
1
PW_BS000129
6
1
3
1
PW_BS000006
140
10
3
PW_BS000140
143
1
5
19
1
PW_BS000143
146
5
19
1
PW_BS000146
95
1
7
2
1
PW_BS000095
1
1
PW_BS000001
180
2
21
1
PW_BS000180
207
6
6
1
PW_BS000024
211
10
18
PW_BS000024
214
25
18
1
PW_BS000024
215
6
18
1
PW_BS000024
198
5
18
1
PW_BS000024
216
4
18
1
PW_BS000024
190
11
18
PW_BS000024
277
1
2
18
PW_BS000024
65
11
1
PW_BS000065
290
5
49
1
PW_BS000024
291
6
49
1
PW_BS000024
292
4
49
1
PW_BS000024
298
1
7
10
1
PW_BS000024
301
6
10
1
PW_BS000024
302
1
16
10
1
PW_BS000024
253
5
4
1
PW_BS000024
332
1
7
12
1
PW_BS000028
333
1
2
12
PW_BS000028
115
10
12
PW_BS000115
334
4
12
1
PW_BS000028
337
1
16
12
1
PW_BS000028
341
4
1
12
1
PW_BS000028
343
18
12
1
PW_BS000028
352
25
12
PW_BS000028
353
25
12
7
PW_BS000028
356
25
12
1
PW_BS000028
360
4
10
12
1
PW_BS000028
370
2
60
1
PW_BS000028
228
36
1
PW_BS000024
232
40
3
PW_BS000024
408
4
5
1
PW_BS000115
412
1
2
5
PW_BS000115
405
10
5
PW_BS000115
415
18
5
1
PW_BS000115
414
1
5
5
1
PW_BS000115
429
1
5
1
PW_BS000115
419
25
5
1
PW_BS000115
434
4
10
5
1
PW_BS000115
436
25
5
PW_BS000115
374
4
17
1
PW_BS000053
443
6
17
1
PW_BS000115
446
1
2
17
PW_BS000115
376
10
17
PW_BS000053
447
1
7
17
1
PW_BS000115
448
1
16
17
1
PW_BS000115
451
18
17
1
PW_BS000115
450
1
5
17
1
PW_BS000115
464
1
17
1
PW_BS000115
455
25
17
1
PW_BS000115
469
4
10
17
1
PW_BS000115
471
25
17
PW_BS000115
472
25
17
7
PW_BS000115
482
4
10
1
PW_BS000115
478
10
10
PW_BS000115
487
18
10
1
PW_BS000115
490
25
10
1
PW_BS000115
502
4
6
1
PW_BS000115
209
10
6
PW_BS000024
504
18
6
1
PW_BS000115
507
25
6
1
PW_BS000115
515
4
10
6
1
PW_BS000115
513
1
7
6
1
PW_BS000115
141
1
7
19
1
PW_BS000141
59
27
1
1
PW_BS000059
11
1
8
1
1
PW_BS000011
58
1
14
1
1
PW_BS000058
102
12
3
1
PW_BS000102
104
14
3
1
PW_BS000104
199
14
18
1
PW_BS000024
350
1
14
12
1
PW_BS000028
335
27
12
1
PW_BS000028
433
1
14
5
1
PW_BS000115
422
27
5
1
PW_BS000115
468
1
14
17
1
PW_BS000115
375
27
17
1
PW_BS000053
491
27
10
1
PW_BS000115
508
27
6
1
PW_BS000115
16
2
1
2
PW_BS000016
32
1
15
1
5
PW_BS000032
39
7
1
1
3
PW_BS000039
66
18
5
1
8
PW_BS000066
51
8
1
PW_BS000051
23
15
1
1
PW_BS000023
91
8
5
1
1
PW_BS000091
89
2
PW_BS000089
217
15
18
PW_BS000024
218
15
18
1
PW_BS000024
128
15
12
1
PW_BS000128
351
15
12
PW_BS000028
184
1
2
1
PW_BS000024
410
15
5
1
PW_BS000115
435
15
5
PW_BS000115
444
15
17
1
PW_BS000115
470
15
17
PW_BS000115
485
15
10
1
PW_BS000115
499
15
10
PW_BS000115
516
15
6
1
PW_BS000115
517
15
6
PW_BS000115
233
36
3
PW_BS000024
719
5
102
1
PW_BS000512
871
Stearoyl-CoA
HMDB0001114
Stearoyl-CoA is a long-chain acyl CoA ester that acts as an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids; a critical committed step in the reaction is the introduction of the cis-configuration double bond into acyl-CoAs (between carbons 9 and 10). This oxidative reaction is catalyzed by the iron-containing, microsomal enzyme, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD, EC 1.14.19.1). NADH supplies the reducing equivalents for the reaction, the flavoprotein is cytochrome b5-reductase and the electron carrier is the heme protein cytochrome b5. Stearoyl-CoA is converted into oleoyl-CoA and then used as a major substrate for the synthesis of various kinds of lipids including phospholipids, triglycerides, cholesteryl esters and wax esters. Oleic acid is the preferred substrate for acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT, EC 2.3.1.26) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20), the enzymes responsible for cholesteryl esters and triglycerides synthesis, respectively. In addition oleate is the major monounsaturated fatty acid in human adipose tissue and in the phospholipid of the red-blood-cell membrane. In the biosynthesis of sphinganine, stearoyl-CoA proceeds through the acyl-CoA + serine -> 3-keto-sphinganine -> sphinganine pathway, with the key enzyme being acyl-CoA serine acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.50) to yield C20-(3-ketosphinganine) long-chain base. There is growing recognition that acyl-CoA esters could act as signaling molecules in cellular metabolism. (PMID: 12538075, 10998569, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2003 Feb;68(2):113-21.).
362-66-3
C00412
439229
15541
STEAROYL-COA
388366
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N
C39H70N7O17P3S
InChI=1S/C39H70N7O17P3S/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-30(48)67-23-22-41-29(47)20-21-42-37(51)34(50)39(2,3)25-60-66(57,58)63-65(55,56)59-24-28-33(62-64(52,53)54)32(49)38(61-28)46-27-45-31-35(40)43-26-44-36(31)46/h26-28,32-34,38,49-50H,4-25H2,1-3H3,(H,41,47)(H,42,51)(H,55,56)(H,57,58)(H2,40,43,44)(H2,52,53,54)/t28-,32-,33-,34?,38-/m1/s1
SIARJEKBADXQJG-KBEKLFCESA-N
{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy({hydroxy[(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-[(2-{[2-(octadecanoylsulfanyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]propoxy]phosphoryl}oxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid
1033.996
1033.376174075
-3.04
9
stearoyl-coa
0
-4
FDB022431
Octadecanoyl-coa;Octadecanoyl-coenzyme a;S-octadecanoate;S-octadecanoate coa;S-octadecanoate coenzyme a;S-octadecanoic acid;S-stearate coa;S-stearate coenzyme a;S-stearoylcoenzyme a;Stearoyl coenzyme a;Stearoyl coenzyme a ester;Stearoyl-coa;Stearoyl-coenzyme a;Stearyl coenzyme a;Stearyl-coa;Stearyl-coenzyme a;CoA(18:0)
PW_C000871
COA18:0
2882
22
2889
17
25504
49
78338
329
78344
134
81850
331
95710
383
97899
382
108753
288
111309
389
114211
390
122620
384
125190
399
125194
121
126768
484
126772
480
128367
391
128851
398
40034
Hydrogen Ion
HMDB0059597
Hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes. Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished: positively charged ions and negatively charged ions. Under aqueous conditions found in biochemistry, hydrogen ions exist as the hydrated form hydronium, H3O+, but these are often still referred to as hydrogen ions or even protons by biochemists. [WikiPedia])
C00080
1038
15378
1010
[H+]
H
InChI=1S/p+1
GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
hydron
1.0079
1.007825032
0
hydron
1
0
H+;H(+);Hydrogen cation;Hydron;Proton
PW_C040034
H+
215
4
670
8
753
15
788
31
848
3
1116
2
1463
26
1464
54
2231
49
2780
17
4250
22
4254
42
4547
10
4576
18
4694
70
5241
103
5327
111
5353
112
5626
108
5639
107
5699
100
5720
105
5742
117
5963
147
6037
155
6070
157
6093
161
6130
159
6232
166
6483
178
6601
152
6692
101
6843
188
6910
187
7100
163
7168
205
7191
206
7453
219
7454
220
7472
222
7525
213
7532
210
7558
212
7572
160
7590
170
8195
225
8218
151
8243
226
8413
162
8420
224
9139
195
9155
249
11915
164
12015
281
12181
285
12246
286
12266
287
12521
227
13257
223
13325
294
15330
308
42329
315
42354
318
42401
322
42405
312
42454
320
76912
293
77136
133
77210
134
77372
331
77804
114
77955
132
77990
327
77991
347
78379
345
79929
130
80019
368
80387
310
80388
304
80722
119
93823
124
94823
383
110550
388
112855
94
113280
390
115537
398
115539
118
115856
336
116205
109
119973
406
120193
407
120549
122
120593
409
121170
424
121171
425
122569
418
122615
384
122687
125
122758
120
123183
135
123218
137
123742
459
123743
460
125141
454
125188
121
125273
136
125359
479
125550
481
125730
483
125736
297
125809
299
126517
495
126717
489
126766
480
126823
300
126902
501
127213
208
128308
506
128361
391
128430
395
2796
(2E)-Octadecenoyl-CoA
HMDB0006529
trans-Octadec-2-enoyl-CoA, also known as (2e)-octadecenoyl-coa, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain 2-enoyl coas. These are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to a long-chain 2-enoyl chain of 13 to 21 carbon atoms. trans-Octadec-2-enoyl-CoA is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral molecule. trans-Octadec-2-enoyl-CoA has been primarily detected in urine. Within the cell, trans-octadec-2-enoyl-CoA is primarily located in the cytoplasm, membrane (predicted from logP) and mitochondria. In humans, trans-octadec-2-enoyl-CoA is involved in the metabolic disorder called the mitochondrial Beta-oxidation OF long chain saturated fatty acids pathway. trans-Octadec-2-enoyl-CoA is an intermediate in Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. trans-Octadec-2-enoyl-CoA is produced from 3-Hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA and then converted to Stearoyl-CoA via enzymatic reaction.
C16218
53477850
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)[C@@](O)([H])C(C)(C)COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](C(O)[C@H]1OP(=O)(O)O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N
C39H68N7O17P3S
InChI=1S/C39H68N7O17P3S/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-30(48)67-23-22-41-29(47)20-21-42-37(51)34(50)39(2,3)25-60-66(57,58)63-65(55,56)59-24-28-33(62-64(52,53)54)32(49)38(61-28)46-27-45-31-35(40)43-26-44-36(31)46/h18-19,26-28,32-34,38,49-50H,4-17,20-25H2,1-3H3,(H,41,47)(H,42,51)(H,55,56)(H,57,58)(H2,40,43,44)(H2,52,53,54)/b19-18+/t28-,32?,33+,34+,38-/m1/s1
NBCCUIHOHUKBMK-XCRBYWPRSA-N
{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy({hydroxy[(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-{[2-({2-[(2E)-octadec-2-enoylsulfanyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}propoxy]phosphoryl}oxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid
1031.98
1031.360524011
-3.10
9
trans-octadec-2-enoyl-coa
0
-4
FDB023960
(2e)-octadecenoyl-coa;(2e)-octadecenoyl-coenzyme a
PW_C002796
tO2eCoA
2891
4
78348
133
122623
406
125197
120
126775
479
128370
501
1420
Water
HMDB0002111
Water is a chemical substance that is essential to all known forms of life. It appears colorless to the naked eye in small quantities, though it is actually slightly blue in color. It covers 71% of Earth's surface. Current estimates suggest that there are 1.4 billion cubic kilometers (330 million m3) of it available on Earth, and it exists in many forms. It appears mostly in the oceans (saltwater) and polar ice caps, but it is also present as clouds, rain water, rivers, freshwater aquifers, lakes, and sea ice. Water in these bodies perpetually moves through a cycle of evaporation, precipitation, and runoff to the sea. Clean water is essential to human life. In many parts of the world, it is in short supply. From a biological standpoint, water has many distinct properties that are critical for the proliferation of life that set it apart from other substances. It carries out this role by allowing organic compounds to react in ways that ultimately allow replication. All known forms of life depend on water. Water is vital both as a solvent in which many of the body's solutes dissolve and as an essential part of many metabolic processes within the body. Metabolism is the sum total of anabolism and catabolism. In anabolism, water is removed from molecules (through energy requiring enzymatic chemical reactions) in order to grow larger molecules (e.g. starches, triglycerides and proteins for storage of fuels and information). In catabolism, water is used to break bonds in order to generate smaller molecules (e.g. glucose, fatty acids and amino acids to be used for fuels for energy use or other purposes). Water is thus essential and central to these metabolic processes. Water is also central to photosynthesis and respiration. Photosynthetic cells use the sun's energy to split off water's hydrogen from oxygen. Hydrogen is combined with CO2 (absorbed from air or water) to form glucose and release oxygen. All living cells use such fuels and oxidize the hydrogen and carbon to capture the sun's energy and reform water and CO2 in the process (cellular respiration). Water is also central to acid-base neutrality and enzyme function. An acid, a hydrogen ion (H+, that is, a proton) donor, can be neutralized by a base, a proton acceptor such as hydroxide ion (OH-) to form water. Water is considered to be neutral, with a pH (the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration) of 7. Acids have pH values less than 7 while bases have values greater than 7. Stomach acid (HCl) is useful to digestion. However, its corrosive effect on the esophagus during reflux can temporarily be neutralized by ingestion of a base such as aluminum hydroxide to produce the neutral molecules water and the salt aluminum chloride. Human biochemistry that involves enzymes usually performs optimally around a biologically neutral pH of 7.4. (Wikipedia).
7732-18-5
C00001
962
15377
937
O
H2O
InChI=1S/H2O/h1H2
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
water
18.0153
18.010564686
1
water
0
0
FDB013390
Dihydrogen oxide;Steam;[oh2];Acqua;Agua;Aqua;Bound water;Dihydridooxygen;Eau;H2o;Hoh;Hydrogen hydroxide;Wasser
PW_C001420
H2O
55
8
94
9
109
5
139
4
151
3
162
14
481
13
526
15
624
28
652
10
691
20
770
33
823
18
838
2
1094
31
1377
49
1465
54
1590
43
2018
24
2532
22
2678
60
2727
46
2778
17
2805
29
3143
70
3164
72
3634
61
4598
36
4727
37
4941
93
5030
27
5156
7
5195
97
5214
100
5227
94
5236
103
5297
105
5319
111
5343
113
5355
112
5402
110
5470
123
5483
125
5492
126
5507
127
5534
130
5537
114
5541
129
5591
135
5608
118
5622
108
5691
6
5759
140
5778
101
5841
143
5853
146
5877
107
5890
95
5910
147
5940
151
6032
155
6059
157
6087
161
6123
163
6133
159
6215
1
6218
166
6477
178
6507
180
6600
152
6713
117
6840
188
6888
160
7162
205
7181
207
7193
206
7211
211
7228
213
7238
214
7243
215
7295
198
7350
216
7388
210
7401
212
7467
222
7492
224
7500
190
7588
170
8201
225
8237
226
8414
162
9265
26
11850
277
11922
164
12011
281
12213
285
12250
286
12264
287
12327
249
12520
227
12632
65
12693
290
12705
291
12715
292
13007
298
13019
300
13025
301
13037
302
13261
223
13327
294
15340
308
42327
315
42695
318
43691
322
76914
293
77019
253
77102
132
77131
133
77215
134
77378
331
77397
332
77471
333
77516
115
77536
334
77628
336
77722
337
77759
341
77816
343
77982
347
78071
329
78235
352
78242
353
78270
356
79113
360
80014
368
80039
370
80591
228
80656
119
93830
383
94794
384
110557
390
110639
391
115844
398
119879
232
119915
122
119963
406
120008
407
120046
408
120113
124
120365
412
120430
405
120438
409
120606
415
120794
414
121158
425
121240
429
121351
121
121381
419
121607
434
122118
382
122384
436
122753
120
122797
374
122804
443
123012
446
123064
376
123072
137
123131
447
123142
136
123162
448
123231
451
123384
450
123730
460
123810
464
123940
455
124165
469
124670
399
124938
471
124945
472
125305
297
125353
479
125386
481
125424
482
125480
299
125682
483
125707
478
125745
487
126054
490
126238
495
126273
484
126764
480
126896
501
126963
502
127017
388
127177
208
127199
209
127227
504
127506
507
127576
515
127836
389
128082
395
128176
513
8081
3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA
HMDB0012715
3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA is a human metabolite involved in the fatty acid elongation in mitochondria pathway. The enzyme long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of 3-Oxododecanoyl-CoA to (S)-3-Hydroxydodecanoyl-CoA.3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA is an intermediate in fatty acid metabolism, being the substrate of the enzymes beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.211-1.1.1.35]; 3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA is an intermediate in fatty acid elongation in mitochondria, the substrate of the enzymes enoyl-CoA hydratase and long-chain-enoyl-CoA hydratase [EC 4.2.1.17-4.2.1.74]. (KEGG).
42578-91-6
C16217
53481517
50583
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)CC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC1OC(C(O)C1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N
C39H70N7O18P3S
InChI=1S/C39H70N7O18P3S/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-27(47)22-30(49)68-21-20-41-29(48)18-19-42-37(52)34(51)39(2,3)24-61-67(58,59)64-66(56,57)60-23-28-33(63-65(53,54)55)32(50)38(62-28)46-26-45-31-35(40)43-25-44-36(31)46/h25-28,32-34,38,47,50-51H,4-24H2,1-3H3,(H,41,48)(H,42,52)(H,56,57)(H,58,59)(H2,40,43,44)(H2,53,54,55)
WZMAIEGYXCOYSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
{[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy({[hydroxy(3-hydroxy-3-{[2-({2-[(3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl)sulfanyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2,2-dimethylpropoxy)phosphoryl]oxy})phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid
1049.995
1049.371088697
-2.80
10
[5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy([hydroxy(3-hydroxy-3-{[2-({2-[(3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl)sulfanyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2,2-dimethylpropoxy)phosphoryl]oxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxyphosphonic acid
0
-4
C16217
3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-coenzyme a;3-hydroxystearoyl-coa;3-hydroxystearoyl-coenzyme a;Beta-hydroxystearoyl-coa;Beta-hydroxystearyl-coa
PW_C008081
3HC
721
NAD
HMDB0000902
NAD (or Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is used extensively in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle of cellular respiration. The reducing potential stored in NADH can be converted to ATP through the electron transport chain or used for anabolic metabolism. ATP "energy" is necessary for an organism to live. Green plants obtain ATP through photosynthesis, while other organisms obtain it by cellular respiration. (wikipedia). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed).
53-84-9
C00003
5893
15846
NAD
5682
NC(=O)C1=C[N+](=CC=C1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)N2C=NC3=C2N=CN=C3N)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
C21H28N7O14P2
InChI=1S/C21H27N7O14P2/c22-17-12-19(25-7-24-17)28(8-26-12)21-16(32)14(30)11(41-21)6-39-44(36,37)42-43(34,35)38-5-10-13(29)15(31)20(40-10)27-3-1-2-9(4-27)18(23)33/h1-4,7-8,10-11,13-16,20-21,29-32H,5-6H2,(H5-,22,23,24,25,33,34,35,36,37)/p+1/t10-,11-,13-,14-,15-,16-,20-,21-/m1/s1
BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-O
1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-[({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)methyl]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-3-carbamoyl-1lambda5-pyridin-1-ylium
664.433
664.116946663
-2.59
8
1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-{[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]methyl}-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-3-carbamoyl-1lambda5-pyridin-1-ylium
1
-1
FDB022309
3-carbamoyl-1-d-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate;3-carbamoyl-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate inner salt;3-carbamoyl-1-beta-delta-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate inner salt;3-carbamoyl-1-delta-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate;Adenine-nicotinamide dinucleotide;Co-i;Codehydrase i;Codehydrogenase i;Coenzyme i;Cozymase;Cozymase i;Diphosphopyridine nucleotide;Diphosphopyridine nucleotide oxidized;Endopride;Nad trihydrate;Nad-oxidized;Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide;Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized;Nicotinamide dinucleotide;Nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide;Oxidized diphosphopyridine nucleotide;Pyridine nucleotide diphosphate;[(3s,2r,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl {[(3s,2r,4r,5r)-5-(3-carbamoylpyridyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxyphosphoryl) hydrogen phosphate;[adenylate-32-p]-nad;Beta-diphosphopyridine nucleotide;Beta-nad;Beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide;Beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide trihydrate;Dpn;Nad;Nad+;Nadide;B-nad;β-nad
PW_C000721
NAD
140
4
150
3
353
8
651
10
1114
2
1134
43
1273
5
1466
54
2229
49
2779
17
2835
29
3107
9
4807
18
4813
18
4819
28
4902
6
4960
31
5167
95
5238
103
5334
111
5360
112
5469
123
5482
125
5590
135
5610
118
5696
100
5738
108
5827
141
5912
147
5942
151
6024
155
6072
157
6076
161
6385
1
6469
178
6772
117
6890
160
7012
188
7097
163
7174
205
7197
206
7405
198
7459
222
8241
226
8359
225
9085
224
11819
216
12322
249
13006
298
13018
300
13256
223
42404
322
42619
315
77104
132
77120
133
77209
134
77370
331
77650
336
77667
334
77702
332
77709
130
77915
113
77983
347
78406
356
80006
368
80690
119
93825
124
110552
388
112750
166
112853
94
119929
122
119952
406
120171
407
120834
419
120984
408
121159
425
121242
126
121259
429
121817
383
122614
384
122742
120
123130
447
123141
136
123419
455
123549
374
123731
460
123812
443
123829
464
124370
398
125187
121
125319
297
125342
479
125530
481
125806
299
125825
490
125924
482
126515
495
126765
480
126885
501
127278
507
127383
502
128089
390
128360
391
128428
395
1144
NADH
HMDB0001487
NADH is the reduced form of NAD+, and NAD+ is the oxidized form of NADH, A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). It forms NADP with the addition of a phosphate group to the 2' position of the adenosyl nucleotide through an ester linkage.(Dorland, 27th ed).
58-68-4
C00004
439153
16908
NADH
388299
DB00157
NC(=O)C1=CN(C=CC1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO[P@](O)(=O)O[P@](O)(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)N2C=NC3=C(N)N=CN=C23)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
C21H29N7O14P2
InChI=1S/C21H29N7O14P2/c22-17-12-19(25-7-24-17)28(8-26-12)21-16(32)14(30)11(41-21)6-39-44(36,37)42-43(34,35)38-5-10-13(29)15(31)20(40-10)27-3-1-2-9(4-27)18(23)33/h1,3-4,7-8,10-11,13-16,20-21,29-32H,2,5-6H2,(H2,23,33)(H,34,35)(H,36,37)(H2,22,24,25)/t10-,11-,13-,14-,15-,16-,20-,21-/m1/s1
BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-carbamoyl-1,4-dihydropyridin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy})phosphinic acid
665.441
665.124771695
-2.35
8
NADH
0
-2
FDB022649
1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide;Dpnh;Dihydrocodehydrogenase i;Dihydrocozymase;Dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide;Dihydronicotinamide mononucleotide;Enada;Nadh;Nadh2;Reduced codehydrogenase i;Reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide;Reduced nicotinamide adenine diphosphate;Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide;B-dpnh;B-nadh;Beta-dpnh;Beta-nadh;Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced);Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
PW_C001144
NADH
143
4
153
3
490
8
648
10
1115
2
1275
5
1469
54
2230
49
2781
17
2836
29
3109
9
4806
18
4812
18
4821
28
4904
6
4959
31
5169
95
5240
103
5332
111
5358
112
5466
123
5479
125
5593
135
5698
100
5737
108
5829
141
5915
147
5945
151
6027
155
6079
161
6387
1
6472
178
6771
117
6893
160
7011
188
7099
163
7172
205
7195
206
7462
222
8244
226
8360
225
9086
224
11809
198
11821
216
12320
249
13003
298
13015
300
13255
223
42403
322
42618
315
77107
132
77123
133
77208
134
77371
331
77651
336
77668
334
77700
332
77707
130
77917
113
77986
347
80009
368
80691
119
93822
124
110549
388
112854
94
115838
118
119955
406
120172
407
120378
122
120986
408
121162
425
121244
126
121693
429
121818
383
122616
384
122745
120
123127
447
123138
136
123551
374
123734
460
123814
443
124242
464
124371
398
125189
121
125345
479
125531
481
125762
297
125808
299
125926
482
126516
495
126767
480
126888
501
127385
502
128090
390
128362
391
128429
395
2775
3-Oxooctadecanoyl-CoA
HMDB0006498
3-Oxooctadecanoyl-CoA is a metabolite intermediate in the microsomal fatty acid chain elongation system. Microsomal electron-transport components NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (EC 1.6.2.4) and cytochrome b5 (EC 1.6.2.2) participate in the conversion from 3-Oxooctadecanoyl-CoA to beta-hydroxystearoyl-CoA, the first reductive step of the microsomal chain elongating system initiated by NADPH. (PMID: 6404652).
86370-20-9
C16216
22833663
17216373
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC1OC(C(O)C1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N
C39H68N7O18P3S
InChI=1S/C39H68N7O18P3S/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-27(47)22-30(49)68-21-20-41-29(48)18-19-42-37(52)34(51)39(2,3)24-61-67(58,59)64-66(56,57)60-23-28-33(63-65(53,54)55)32(50)38(62-28)46-26-45-31-35(40)43-25-44-36(31)46/h25-26,28,32-34,38,50-51H,4-24H2,1-3H3,(H,41,48)(H,42,52)(H,56,57)(H,58,59)(H2,40,43,44)(H2,53,54,55)
LGOGWHDPDVAUNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy({hydroxy[(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-{[2-({2-[(3-oxooctadecanoyl)sulfanyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}propoxy]phosphoryl}oxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid
1047.99
1047.355440546
-2.81
9
3-oxooctadecanoyl-coa
0
-4
FDB023942
3-ketostearoyl-coa;3-ketostearoyl-coenzyme a;3-oxostearoyl-coa;3-oxostearoyl-coenzyme a;Beta-ketostearoyl-coa;Beta-ketostearoyl-coenzyme a
PW_C002775
3OOACoA
2893
4
78353
133
122625
406
125199
120
126777
479
128373
501
661
Stearic acid
HMDB0000827
Stearic acid, also called octadecanoic acid, is one of the useful types of saturated fatty acids that comes from many animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is a waxy solid, and its chemical formula is CH3(CH2)16COOH. Its name comes from the Greek word stear, which means tallow. Its IUPAC name is octadecanoic acid. -- Wikipedia.
57-11-4
C01530
5281
28842
STEARIC_ACID
5091
DB03193
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O
C18H36O2
InChI=1S/C18H36O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20/h2-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20)
QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
octadecanoic acid
284.4772
284.271530396
-6.63
1
stearic acid
0
-1
FDB002941
1-heptadecanecarboxylate;1-heptadecanecarboxylic acid;N-octadecanoate;N-octadecanoic acid;Octadecanoate;Octadecanoic acid;Stearate;Stearex beads;Stearic acid;Stearic acid cherry;Stearophanate;Stearophanic acid;FA(18:0)
PW_C000661
18:0
2884
22
2890
8
3315
5
12928
151
12979
226
78342
111
78563
334
122596
408
122619
122
125168
374
125193
135
126742
482
126771
297
128336
502
128366
205
1099
Coenzyme A
HMDB0001423
Coenzyme A (CoA, CoASH, or HSCoA) is a coenzyme notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidization of fatty acids and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. It is adapted from beta-mercaptoethylamine, panthothenate, and adenosine triphosphate. It is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, phenylglyoxylyl-CoA, tetracosanoyl-CoA, and 6-hydroxyhex-3-enoyl-CoA. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process from pantothenate and cysteine. In the first step pantothenate (vitamin B5) is phosphorylated to 4'-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme pantothenate kinase (PanK, CoaA, CoaX). In the second step, a cysteine is added to 4'-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase (PPC-DC, CoaB) to form 4'-phospho-N-pantothenoylcysteine (PPC). In the third step, PPC is decarboxylated to 4'-phosphopantetheine by phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase (CoaC). In the fourth step, 4'-phosphopantetheine is adenylylated to form dephospho-CoA by the enzyme phosphopantetheine adenylyl transferase (CoaD). Finally, dephospho-CoA is phosphorylated using ATP to coenzyme A by the enzyme dephosphocoenzyme A kinase (CoaE). Since coenzyme A is, in chemical terms, a thiol, it can react with carboxylic acids to form thioesters, thus functioning as an acyl group carrier. CoA assists in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria. A molecule of coenzyme A carrying an acetyl group is also referred to as acetyl-CoA. When it is not attached to an acyl group, it is usually referred to as 'CoASH' or 'HSCoA'. Coenzyme A is also the source of the phosphopantetheine group that is added as a prosthetic group to proteins such as acyl carrier proteins and formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase. Acetyl-CoA is an important molecule itself. It is the precursor to HMG CoA which is a vital component in cholesterol and ketone synthesis. Furthermore, it contributes an acetyl group to choline to produce acetylcholine in a reaction catalysed by choline acetyltransferase. Its main task is conveying the carbon atoms within the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle to be oxidized for energy production (Wikipedia).
85-61-0
C00010
6816
1146900
CO-A
6557
CC(C)(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCS
C21H36N7O16P3S
InChI=1S/C21H36N7O16P3S/c1-21(2,16(31)19(32)24-4-3-12(29)23-5-6-48)8-41-47(38,39)44-46(36,37)40-7-11-15(43-45(33,34)35)14(30)20(42-11)28-10-27-13-17(22)25-9-26-18(13)28/h9-11,14-16,20,30-31,48H,3-8H2,1-2H3,(H,23,29)(H,24,32)(H,36,37)(H,38,39)(H2,22,25,26)(H2,33,34,35)/t11-,14-,15-,16+,20-/m1/s1
RGJOEKWQDUBAIZ-IBOSZNHHSA-N
{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy({hydroxy[(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-({2-[(2-sulfanylethyl)carbamoyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)propoxy]phosphoryl}oxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid
767.534
767.115208365
-2.22
10
coenzyme A
0
-4
FDB022614
Acetoacetyl coenzyme a sodium salt;Coa;Coa hydrate;Coa-sh;Coash;Coenzyme a;Coenzyme a hydrate;Coenzyme a-sh;Coenzyme ash;Coenzymes a;Depot-zeel;Propionyl coa;Propionyl coenzyme a;S-propanoate;S-propanoate coa;S-propanoate coenzyme a;S-propanoic acid;S-propionate coa;S-propionate coenzyme a;Zeel;[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methyl 3-hydroxy-4-({3-oxo-3-[(2-sulfanylethyl)amino]propyl}amino)-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxobutyl dihydrogen diphosphate
PW_C001099
CoA
211
4
386
8
845
3
879
22
892
17
2407
59
2414
2
2459
5
2813
29
2862
31
3342
11
3351
18
4618
10
4629
58
4842
14
4865
54
4879
6
5232
102
5247
104
5280
103
5477
124
5734
108
5777
101
6023
155
6075
161
6384
1
6468
178
6930
160
6961
162
6973
199
7083
188
7108
163
7293
198
7347
210
7458
222
8229
151
9081
226
9090
224
9124
170
9215
195
13013
299
15318
249
25488
49
42616
315
76907
293
77119
133
77222
134
77230
329
77292
111
77550
132
77555
334
77563
112
77633
336
77672
129
77996
115
78047
332
78056
350
78413
335
78567
130
79259
333
79974
331
80005
368
80620
118
80627
374
80635
119
80665
376
93828
382
93834
383
98674
288
110555
389
110561
390
115842
399
115847
398
119951
406
120147
405
120231
384
120305
122
120634
407
120762
117
121406
123
121421
433
121521
125
121666
429
121682
408
121714
414
122404
422
122741
120
122904
121
122960
135
123965
447
123979
468
124079
136
124220
464
124265
450
124974
375
125341
479
125509
478
125579
480
125592
484
125634
297
126084
481
126549
491
126560
482
126746
300
126884
501
127046
209
127109
391
127301
205
127540
206
127667
388
128121
508
128133
502
128340
395
414
Adenosine triphosphate
HMDB0000538
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide consisting of a purine base (adenine) attached to the first carbon atom of ribose (a pentose sugar). Three phosphate groups are esterified at the fifth carbon atom of the ribose. ATP is incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the processes of DNA replication and transcription. ATP contributes to cellular energy charge and participates in overall energy balance, maintaining cellular homeostasis. ATP can act as an extracellular signaling molecule via interactions with specific purinergic receptors to mediate a wide variety of processes as diverse as neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and bone remodelling. Extracellular ATP and its metabolite adenosine have also been shown to exert a variety of effects on nearly every cell type in human skin, and ATP seems to play a direct role in triggering skin inflammatory, regenerative, and fibrotic responses to mechanical injury, an indirect role in melanocyte proliferation and apoptosis, and a complex role in Langerhans cell-directed adaptive immunity. During exercise, intracellular homeostasis depends on the matching of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply and ATP demand. Metabolites play a useful role in communicating the extent of ATP demand to the metabolic supply pathways. Effects as different as proliferation or differentiation, chemotaxis, release of cytokines or lysosomal constituents, and generation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species are elicited upon stimulation of blood cells with extracellular ATP. The increased concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in erythrocytes from patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) has been observed in many studies but the mechanism leading to these abnormalities still is controversial. (PMID: 15490415, 15129319, 14707763, 14696970, 11157473).
56-65-5
C00002
5957
15422
ATP
5742
DB00171
NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
C10H16N5O13P3
InChI=1S/C10H16N5O13P3/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(26-10)1-25-30(21,22)28-31(23,24)27-29(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1
ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-N
({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)phosphonic acid
507.181
506.995745159
-2.05
7
adenosine triphosphate
0
-3
FDB021813
5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) adenosine;5'-atp;Atp;Adenosine 5'-triphosphate;Adenosine 5'-triphosphorate;Adenosine 5'-triphosphoric acid;Adenosine triphosphate;Adenylpyrophosphorate;Adenylpyrophosphoric acid;Adephos;Adetol;Adynol;Atipi;Atriphos;Cardenosine;Fosfobion;Glucobasin;Myotriphos;Phosphobion;Striadyne;Triadenyl;Triphosphaden;Triphosphoric acid adenosine ester;Adenosine-5'-triphosphate;H4atp;Adenosine triphosphoric acid;Adenosine-5'-triphosphoric acid
PW_C000414
ATP
9
2
21
4
60
8
266
16
414
22
478
13
733
32
799
5
934
39
976
3
2105
18
2112
10
2146
49
2156
14
2160
58
2405
59
2434
27
2726
46
2812
29
3029
66
3163
72
3616
61
3617
51
4399
23
4474
31
4768
91
4864
54
5032
89
5035
26
5155
7
5205
97
5215
100
5250
104
5291
101
5313
111
5346
112
5390
103
5406
117
5430
118
5443
120
5542
129
5556
132
5569
133
5603
135
5621
108
5846
143
5854
146
5876
107
5897
147
5924
151
6048
155
6109
161
6230
166
6493
178
6839
188
6870
160
6976
199
7157
205
7184
206
7209
210
7225
213
7229
211
7298
198
7302
216
7390
217
7408
218
7432
163
7481
222
7499
190
8186
225
11847
277
11903
170
12010
281
12039
164
12178
285
12578
226
12691
290
13264
223
15327
308
42326
315
42621
322
42694
318
77028
253
77218
134
77233
329
77468
333
77632
336
78037
332
78041
350
78168
128
78214
351
78240
353
78411
335
78494
115
78850
130
78865
331
78919
334
80028
368
80046
184
80674
119
85629
1
94826
124
113234
94
113282
388
116280
109
119914
122
119992
406
120154
407
120245
382
120362
412
121246
429
121392
123
121397
433
121471
408
121974
410
122065
125
122079
383
122083
405
122402
422
122444
435
122919
399
123009
446
123816
464
123951
447
123956
468
124029
374
124527
444
124616
136
124630
398
124634
376
124943
472
124972
375
125011
470
125304
297
125371
479
125392
299
125515
481
125595
484
126123
485
126220
300
126234
495
126240
478
126547
491
126596
499
126913
501
127123
389
127731
516
127781
395
127796
390
127801
209
128119
508
128167
517
32
Adenosine monophosphate
HMDB0000045
Adenosine monophosphate, also known as 5'-adenylic acid and abbreviated AMP, is a nucleotide that is found in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosine. AMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. AMP can be produced during ATP synthesis by the enzyme adenylate kinase. AMP has recently been approved as a 'Bitter Blocker' additive to foodstuffs. When AMP is added to bitter foods or foods with a bitter aftertaste it makes them seem 'sweeter'. This potentially makes lower calorie food products more palatable.
61-19-8
C00020
6083
16027
AMP
5858
DB00131
NC1=C2N=CN([C@@H]3O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)C2=NC=N1
C10H14N5O7P
InChI=1S/C10H14N5O7P/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(22-10)1-21-23(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1
UDMBCSSLTHHNCD-KQYNXXCUSA-N
{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}phosphonic acid
347.2212
347.063084339
-2.02
5
adenylate
0
-2
DBMET00485
FDB021806
5'-amp;5'-adenosine monophosphate;5'-adenylate;5'-adenylic acid;Amp;Adenosine 5'-monophosphate;Adenosine 5'-phosphate;Adenosine 5'-phosphorate;Adenosine 5'-phosphoric acid;Adenosine phosphate;Adenosine-5'-monophosphorate;Adenosine-5'-monophosphoric acid;Adenosine-5-monophosphorate;Adenosine-5-monophosphoric acid;Adenosine-monophosphate;Adenosine-phosphate;Adenovite;Adenylate;Adenylic acid;Cardiomone;Lycedan;Muscle adenylate;Muscle adenylic acid;My-b-den;My-beta-den;Phosaden;Phosphaden;Phosphentaside;5'-o-phosphonoadenosine;Adenosine 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate);Adenosine monophosphate;Adenosine-5'p;Adenosini phosphas;Ado5'p;Fosfato de adenosina;Pa;Pado;Phosphate d'adenosine;5'-adenosine monophosphoric acid;Adenosine phosphoric acid;Adenosine 5'-(dihydrogen phosphoric acid);Adenosine 5'-monophosphoric acid;Adenosine monophosphoric acid;Adenosine-5'-monophosphate;Phosphoric acid d'adenosine
PW_C000032
AMP
11
2
34
4
62
8
270
16
734
32
881
22
1189
14
4572
5
4867
54
5033
89
5251
104
5408
117
5423
103
5432
118
5457
120
5558
132
5583
133
5779
101
5795
108
6977
199
7072
188
11789
198
11868
161
11988
151
12003
222
12580
226
12636
31
12694
290
13331
225
42266
3
42646
315
77234
329
77325
111
78392
334
78809
115
79320
112
80399
1
80684
135
80900
7
119916
122
120016
124
120031
406
120246
382
120888
405
121954
408
122920
399
123464
376
124507
374
125306
297
125394
299
125409
479
125596
484
126853
205
126934
388
126949
501
127124
389
127311
209
127711
502
940
Acetyl-CoA
HMDB0001206
The main function of coenzyme A is to carry acyl groups (such as the acetyl group) or thioesters. Acetyl-CoA is an important molecule itself. It is the precursor to HMG CoA, which is a vital component in cholesterol and ketone synthesis. (wikipedia). acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.
72-89-9
C00024
444493
15351
ACETYL-COA
392413
CC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)[C@H](O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N
C23H38N7O17P3S
InChI=1S/C23H38N7O17P3S/c1-12(31)51-7-6-25-14(32)4-5-26-21(35)18(34)23(2,3)9-44-50(41,42)47-49(39,40)43-8-13-17(46-48(36,37)38)16(33)22(45-13)30-11-29-15-19(24)27-10-28-20(15)30/h10-11,13,16-18,22,33-34H,4-9H2,1-3H3,(H,25,32)(H,26,35)(H,39,40)(H,41,42)(H2,24,27,28)(H2,36,37,38)/t13-,16-,17-,18+,22-/m1/s1
ZSLZBFCDCINBPY-ZSJPKINUSA-N
{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-({[({[(3R)-3-[(2-{[2-(acetylsulfanyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropoxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxyoxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid
809.571
809.125773051
-2.27
9
acetyl-CoA
0
-4
FDB022491
Ac-coa;Ac-coenzyme a;Ac-s-coa;Ac-s-coenzyme a;Acetyl coenzyme-a;Acetyl-coa;Acetyl-coenzyme a;Acetyl-s-coa;Acetyl-s-coenzyme a;Acetylcoenzyme-a;S-acetate coa;S-acetate coenzyme a;S-acetyl coenzyme a;Accoa;Acetyl coenzyme a;S-acetyl-coa;S-acetyl-coenzyme a;Acetylcoenzyme a
PW_C000940
Ac-CoA
213
4
385
8
842
3
2416
2
2446
5
2896
17
3340
11
4840
14
5278
103
5476
124
5733
108
6025
155
6077
161
6386
1
6470
178
6923
160
7106
163
7291
198
7460
222
8245
151
8277
210
12582
226
13012
299
42615
315
77121
133
77291
111
77562
112
77706
132
77994
115
78355
134
78433
334
80007
368
80634
119
80663
376
90124
170
119953
406
120145
405
120304
122
120632
407
122417
408
122626
384
122743
120
122959
135
123137
118
124986
374
125200
121
125343
479
125507
478
125633
297
126564
482
126572
481
126778
480
126886
501
127044
209
127394
205
127665
388
128137
502
128145
206
128374
391
1031
Palmityl-CoA
HMDB0001338
Palmityl-CoA, also known as palmitoyl CoA or CoA, palmitoyl, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acyl coas. These are acyl CoAs where the group acylated to the coenzyme A moiety is a long aliphatic chain of 13 to 21 carbon atoms. Palmityl-CoA is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Palmityl-CoA has been found throughout most human tissues, and has also been primarily detected in urine. Within the cell, palmityl-CoA is primarily located in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. In humans, palmityl-CoA is involved in cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/16:0) pathway, cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(16:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/16:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) pathway, cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(16:0/18:0/16:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) pathway, and cardiolipin biosynthesis CL(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/16:0/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/16:1(9Z)) pathway. Palmityl-CoA is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(14:1(9Z)/16:0/14:1(9Z)) pathway, de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(16:0/14:1(9Z)/14:1(9Z)) pathway, de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(a-25:0/i-14:0/16:0) pathway, and de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis TG(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/16:0/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) pathway. Palmityl-CoA is a fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.
1763-10-6
C00154
15667
15525
PALMITYL-COA
14902
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N
C37H66N7O17P3S
InChI=1S/C37H66N7O17P3S/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-28(46)65-21-20-39-27(45)18-19-40-35(49)32(48)37(2,3)23-58-64(55,56)61-63(53,54)57-22-26-31(60-62(50,51)52)30(47)36(59-26)44-25-43-29-33(38)41-24-42-34(29)44/h24-26,30-32,36,47-48H,4-23H2,1-3H3,(H,39,45)(H,40,49)(H,53,54)(H,55,56)(H2,38,41,42)(H2,50,51,52)/t26-,30-,31-,32?,36-/m1/s1
MNBKLUUYKPBKDU-TZIIWEFPSA-N
{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-({[({[(3R)-3-[(2-{[2-(hexadecanoylsulfanyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropoxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)-4-hydroxyoxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid
1005.943
1005.344873947
-2.76
9
palmitoyl-coa
0
-4
FDB022562
Hexadecanoyl coa;Hexadecanoyl coenzyme a;Palmitoyl coa;Palmitoyl coenzyme a;Palmitoyl-coa;Palmitoyl-coenzyme a;Palmityl-coa;Palmityl-coenzyme a;S-hexadecanoate;S-hexadecanoate coa;S-hexadecanoate coenzyme a;S-hexadecanoic acid;S-palmitoylcoenzyme a;CoA(16:0)
PW_C001031
COA16:0
875
3
880
22
890
17
1647
14
2090
10
2096
2
5229
102
5244
104
6958
162
6970
199
7129
163
7201
160
9123
170
9129
188
9214
195
25503
49
77219
134
77227
329
77893
112
78045
332
78049
132
78549
115
79257
333
81844
331
90767
210
95706
383
97120
382
108597
288
111103
389
114205
390
120228
384
120664
407
121356
405
121404
123
121411
124
122901
121
122914
399
123278
119
123915
376
123963
447
123970
118
125576
480
125589
484
126026
481
126028
478
126208
299
127106
391
127478
206
127480
209
127770
388
128847
398
161
an oxidized electron-transfer flavoproteinÂ
Compound
Compound
PW_EC000161
5086
ChEBI
AOETF
70
Reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein
Compound
PW_EC000070
5086
ChEBI
RETF
7721
2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA hydratase
P76082
Catalyzes the reversible conversion of enzymatically produced 2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA into 3-hydroxyadipyl-CoA.
paaF
3
4.2.1.17
5228
94
7354
Short-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase
P38135
Involved in catalytic activity. Catalyzes the esterification, concomitant with transport, of exogenous fatty acids into metabolically active CoA thioesters for subsequent degradation or incorporation into phospholipids. It has a low activity on medium or long chain fatty acids and is maximally active on C6 and C8 substrates.
fadK
b1701
AP009048
3
6.2.1.-
8545
233
137252
101
137998
719
6756
3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase_
P76503
Involved in transferase activity. Catalyzes the final step of fatty acid oxidation in which acetyl-CoA is released and the CoA ester of a fatty acid two carbons shorter is formed. Strongly involved in the anaerobic degradation of long and medium-chain fatty acids in the presence of nitrate and weakly involved in the aerobic degradation of long- chain fatty acids.
fadI
b2342
AP009048
3
2.3.1.16
8547
101
12583
226
131651
94
137999
719
6387
3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase
P21151
Catalyzes the final step of fatty acid oxidation in which acetyl-CoA is released and the CoA ester of a fatty acid two carbons shorter is formed. Involved in the aerobic and anaerobic degradation of long-chain fatty acids.
fadA
b3845
AP009048
3
2.3.1.16
8548
101
12584
226
131652
94
138000
719
6773
Fatty acid oxidation complex subunit alpha_
P77399
Involved in 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. Catalyzes the formation of an hydroxyacyl-CoA by addition of water on enoyl-CoA. Also exhibits 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA epimerase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities. Strongly involved in the anaerobic degradation of long and medium-chain fatty acids in the presence of nitrate and weakly involved in the aerobic degradation of long-chain fatty acids.
fadJ
b2341
AP009048
3
4.2.1.17; 5.1.2.3; 1.1.1.35
8546
101
135797
108
138001
719
7830
Fatty acid oxidation complex subunit alpha
B7L9A7
Involved in the aerobic and anaerobic degradation of long-chain fatty acids via beta-oxidation cycle. Catalyzes the formation of 3-oxoacyl-CoA from enoyl-CoA via L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA. It can also use D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA and cis-3-enoyl-CoA as substrate.
fadB
3
4.2.1.17; 5.1.2.3; 5.3.3.8; 1.1.1.35
135798
108
137251
101
138002
719
1179
enoyl-CoA hydratase
3
PW_P001179
1366
7721
1514
short chain acyl-CoA synthetase
3
PW_P001514
1780
7354
1187
acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
3
PW_P001187
1375
6756
1376
6387
1517
FadJ component of anaerobic fatty acid oxidation complex
3
PW_P001517
1783
6773
2
1516
fatty acid oxidation complex, α component
3
PW_P001516
1782
7830
3801
true
PW_R003801
Right
15318
871
1
Compound
false
15319
40034
1
Compound
false
15320
161
1
ElementCollection
false
15321
70
1
ElementCollection
false
15322
2796
1
Compound
false
183209
false
PW_R183209
Right
692642
2796
1
Compound
false
692643
1420
1
Compound
false
692644
8081
1
Compound
false
172997
1179
183210
false
PW_R183210
Right
692645
8081
1
Compound
false
692646
721
1
Compound
false
692647
1144
1
Compound
false
692648
40034
1
Compound
false
692649
2775
1
Compound
false
172998
1179
3765
false
PW_R003765
Right
15180
661
1
Compound
false
15181
414
1
Compound
false
15182
1099
1
Compound
false
15183
32
1
Compound
false
15184
871
1
Compound
false
3739
1514
183211
false
PW_R183211
Right
692650
2775
1
Compound
false
692651
1099
1
Compound
false
692652
940
1
Compound
false
692653
1031
1
Compound
false
172999
1187
183212
false
PW_R183212
Right
692654
8081
1
Compound
false
692655
2796
1
Compound
false
173000
1517
4.2.1.17
183213
false
PW_R183213
Right
692656
8081
1
Compound
false
692657
2796
1
Compound
false
173001
1516
4.2.1.17
2718469
871
101
3
false
779
861
10
regular
100
100
2718470
40034
55
false
895
972
10
regular
78
78
2718471
40034
55
false
613
1414
10
regular
78
78
2718472
2796
101
3
false
1228
856
10
regular
100
120
2718473
1420
49
false
1329
1202
10
regular
78
78
2718474
8081
101
3
false
1229
1301
10
regular
100
120
2718475
8081
101
3
false
1228
291
10
regular
100
120
2718476
721
59
false
1092
1281
10
regular
50
30
2718477
1144
60
false
637
1269
10
regular
50
30
2718478
2775
101
3
false
432
1304
10
regular
100
120
2718479
661
101
3
false
774
301
10
regular
100
100
2718480
1099
101
85
false
729
421
10
regular
50
30
2718481
1099
101
85
false
352
1219
10
regular
50
30
2718482
414
101
42
false
874
421
10
regular
50
30
2718483
32
101
44
false
874
646
10
regular
50
30
2718484
940
101
3
false
299
949
10
regular
100
100
2718485
1031
101
3
false
434
864
10
regular
100
100
19123
161
144
false
903
771
12
regular
150
70
19124
70
144
false
1088
976
12
regular
150
70
964359
7721
2
false
1203
1098
8
subunit
regular
150
70
964360
7721
2
false
812
1328
8
subunit
regular
150
70
964361
7354
101
2
false
751
511
8
subunit
regular
150
70
964362
6756
101
2
false
494
1071
8
subunit
regular
150
70
964363
6387
101
2
false
409
1101
8
subunit
regular
150
70
964364
6773
101
6
false
1143
523
8
subunit
regular
160
80
964365
7830
101
2
false
1263
528
8
subunit
regular
150
70
816545
1179
772
960124
964359
816546
1179
772
960125
964360
816547
1514
772
101
960126
964361
816548
1187
772
101
960127
964362
960128
964363
816549
1517
772
101
960129
964364
816550
1516
772
101
960130
964365
3720908
M879 911 C909 911 1008.5 911 1038.5 911
5
false
18
3720909
M934 972 C921 897 1008.5 911 1038.5 911
5
false
18
3720910
M978 841 C978 880 971.5 913 1038.5 911
5
false
18
3720911
M1228 911 C1198 911 1068.5 911 1038.5 911
5
false
18
true
M 326.94685504416486 634.261556296296 L 312 633 L 318.38088772118584 646.5751343230784
false
3720912
M1163 976 C1170 892 1120.5 913 1038.5 911
5
false
18
true
M 326.94685504416486 634.261556296296 L 312 633 L 318.38088772118584 646.5751343230784
false
3720913
M1278 966 C1278 996 1278 1068 1278 1098
5
false
18
3720914
M1329 1241 C1269 1252 1278 1198 1278 1168
5
false
18
true
M 615.9468550441649 687.261556296296 L 601 686 L 607.3808877211858 699.5751343230784
false
3720915
M1279 1301 C1279 1271 1278 1198 1278 1168
5
false
18
true
M 615.9468550441649 687.261556296296 L 601 686 L 607.3808877211858 699.5751343230784
false
3720916
M1229 1361 C1199 1361 992 1363 962 1363
5
false
18
3720917
M1117 1311 C1117 1357 992 1363 962 1363
5
false
18
3720918
M662 1299 C660 1370 782 1363 812 1363
5
false
18
true
M 446.94685504416486 1011.261556296296 L 432 1010 L 438.38088772118584 1023.5751343230784
false
3720919
M652 1414 C646 1357 782 1363 812 1363
5
false
18
true
M 446.94685504416486 1011.261556296296 L 432 1010 L 438.38088772118584 1023.5751343230784
false
3720920
M532 1364 C562 1364 782 1363 812 1363
5
false
18
true
M 446.94685504416486 1011.261556296296 L 432 1010 L 438.38088772118584 1023.5751343230784
false
3720921
M824 401 C824 431 826 481 826 511
5
false
18
3720922
M779 436 C820 436 826 481 826 511
5
false
18
3720923
M874 436 C827 435 826 481 826 511
5
false
18
3720924
M874 661 C828 660 826 611 826 581
5
false
18
true
M 341.94685504416486 328.261556296296 L 327 327 L 333.38088772118584 340.5751343230783
false
3720925
M829 861 C829 831 826 611 826 581
5
false
18
true
M 341.94685504416486 328.261556296296 L 327 327 L 333.38088772118584 340.5751343230783
false
3720926
M482 1304 C482 1274 484 1201 484 1171
5
false
18
3720927
M402 1234 C448 1236 484 1201 484 1171
5
false
18
3720928
M349 1049 C424 1043 484 1071 484 1101
5
false
18
true
M 186.94685504416483 636.261556296296 L 172 635 L 178.38088772118584 648.5751343230784
false
3720929
M484 964 C484 994 484 1071 484 1101
5
false
18
true
M 186.94685504416483 636.261556296296 L 172 635 L 178.38088772118584 648.5751343230784
false
3720930
M1278 411 C1278 441 1278 708.5 1278 738.5
5
false
6
3720931
M1278 856 C1278 826 1278 768.5 1278 738.5
5
false
18
true
M 487.94685504416486 168.26155629629605 L 473 167 L 479.38088772118584 180.57513432307834
false
3720932
M1278 411 C1278 441 1278 708.5 1278 738.5
5
false
6
3720933
M1278 856 C1278 826 1278 768.5 1278 738.5
5
false
18
true
M 487.94685504416486 168.26155629629605 L 473 167 L 479.38088772118584 180.57513432307834
false
3720934
M484 864 C484 834 482 799 482 769
5
false
18
true
M 249.5 826.9903810567666 L 242 814 L 234.5 826.9903810567666
false
810652
772
3801
3274711
2718469
3720908
Left
3274712
2718470
3720909
Left
3274713
2718472
3720911
Right
18091
19123
3720910
Left
18092
19124
3720912
Right
810653
772
183209
3274714
2718472
3720913
Left
3274715
2718473
3720914
Right
3274716
2718474
3720915
Right
766076
3757
816545
810654
772
183210
3274717
2718474
3720916
Left
3274718
2718476
3720917
Left
3274719
2718477
3720918
Right
3274720
2718471
3720919
Right
3274721
2718478
3720920
Right
766077
3758
816546
810655
772
3765
3274722
2718479
3720921
Left
3274723
2718480
3720922
Left
3274724
2718482
3720923
Left
3274725
2718483
3720924
Right
3274726
2718469
3720925
Right
766078
3735
816547
810656
772
183211
3274727
2718478
3720926
Left
3274728
2718481
3720927
Left
3274729
2718484
3720928
Right
3274730
2718485
3720929
Right
766079
3759
816548
810657
772
183212
3274731
2718475
3720930
Left
3274732
2718472
3720931
Right
766080
172975
816549
810658
772
183213
3274733
2718475
3720932
Left
3274734
2718472
3720933
Right
766081
172976
816550
110928
111226
772
14
false
407
699
16
regular
107606
2718485
3720934
Left
188186
277
285
0.8
0.8
0
2
92
479
481
371810
M125 225 C125 175 175 125 225 125 C609 125 1107 125 1491 125 C1541 125 1591 175 1591 225 C1591 632 1591 1160 1591 1567 C1591 1617 1541 1667 1491 1667 C1107 1667 609 1667 225 1667 C175 1667 125 1617 125 1567 C125 1160 125 632 125 225
1
true
6
1466.0
1542.0
371811
M226 325 C226 275 276 225 326 225 C648 225 1068 225 1390 225 C1440 225 1490 275 1490 325 C1490 670 1490 1119 1490 1464 C1490 1514 1440 1564 1390 1564 C1068 1564 648 1564 326 1564 C276 1564 226 1514 226 1464 C226 1119 226 670 226 325
1
true
6
1264.0
1339.0