Probable
crotonobetaine/carnitine-
CoA ligase
Carnitinyl-CoA
dehydratase
Crotonobetainyl-
CoA dehydrogenase
Crotonobetainyl-
CoA:carnitine
CoA-transferase
L-Carnitine
CoA
ATP
L-Carnitinyl-CoA
AMP
diphosphate
Crotonoβinyl-CoA
H2O
γ-Butyroβinyl-CoA
L-Carnitine
3-
Dehydroxycarnitine
reduced
electron
acceptor
oxidized
electron
acceptor