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Pathway Description
Phenylalanine Metabolism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2016-01-28
Last Updated: 2019-08-14
The biosynthesis of phenylalanine begins with chorismate interacting with chorismate mutase resulting in a prephenate. Prephenate reacts with a hydrogen ion through a prephenate dehydratase resulting in the release of water, carbon dioxide and 2-oxo-3-phenylpropanoate. The latter compound can be turn into phenylalanine through two different reversible reactions a) 2-oxo-3-phenylpropanoate reacts with alanine through a aromatic amino acid aminotransferase 2 resulting in the release of pyruvate and phenylalanine. b) 2-oxo-3-phenylpropanoate reacts with glutamic acid through a amino aci aminotransferase 1 resulting in the release of oxoglutaric acid and phenylalanine.
The degradation of phenylalanine begins with the two previous reactions turning phenylalanine back ino 2-oxo-3-phenylpropanoate. The latter compound reacts with a phenylpyruvate carboxy lyase resulting in the release of phenylacetaldehyde. This latter compound reacts with a 2-phenylethanol dehydrogenase resulting in the release of 2-phenylethanol.
References
Phenylalanine Metabolism References
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Pubmed: 1943992
Iraqui I, Vissers S, Cartiaux M, Urrestarazu A: Characterisation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARO8 and ARO9 genes encoding aromatic aminotransferases I and II reveals a new aminotransferase subfamily. Mol Gen Genet. 1998 Jan;257(2):238-48.
Pubmed: 9491083
Schnappauf G, Krappmann S, Braus GH: Tyrosine and tryptophan act through the same binding site at the dimer interface of yeast chorismate mutase. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jul 3;273(27):17012-7.
Pubmed: 9642265
Urrestarazu A, Vissers S, Iraqui I, Grenson M: Phenylalanine- and tyrosine-auxotrophic mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae impaired in transamination. Mol Gen Genet. 1998 Jan;257(2):230-7.
Pubmed: 9491082
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Pubmed: 6763508
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Vuralhan Z, Morais MA, Tai SL, Piper MD, Pronk JT: Identification and characterization of phenylpyruvate decarboxylase genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Aug;69(8):4534-41.
Pubmed: 12902239
Vuralhan Z, Luttik MA, Tai SL, Boer VM, Morais MA, Schipper D, Almering MJ, Kotter P, Dickinson JR, Daran JM, Pronk JT: Physiological characterization of the ARO10-dependent, broad-substrate-specificity 2-oxo acid decarboxylase activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Jun;71(6):3276-84. doi: 10.1128/AEM.71.6.3276-3284.2005.
Pubmed: 15933030
Schmidheini T, Sperisen P, Paravicini G, Hutter R, Braus G: A single point mutation results in a constitutively activated and feedback-resistant chorismate mutase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol. 1989 Mar;171(3):1245-53. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.3.1245-1253.1989.
Pubmed: 2646272
Strater N, Schnappauf G, Braus G, Lipscomb WN: Mechanisms of catalysis and allosteric regulation of yeast chorismate mutase from crystal structures. Structure. 1997 Nov 15;5(11):1437-52.
Pubmed: 9384560
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Pubmed: 9169875
Maftahi M, Nicaud JM, Levesque H, Gaillardin C: Sequencing analysis of a 24.7 kb fragment of yeast chromosome XIV identifies six known genes, a new member of the hexose transporter family and ten new open reading frames. Yeast. 1995 Sep 15;11(11):1077-85. doi: 10.1002/yea.320111109.
Pubmed: 7502583
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Pubmed: 9169873
Engel SR, Dietrich FS, Fisk DG, Binkley G, Balakrishnan R, Costanzo MC, Dwight SS, Hitz BC, Karra K, Nash RS, Weng S, Wong ED, Lloyd P, Skrzypek MS, Miyasato SR, Simison M, Cherry JM: The reference genome sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: then and now. G3 (Bethesda). 2014 Mar 20;4(3):389-98. doi: 10.1534/g3.113.008995.
Pubmed: 24374639
Iraqui I, Vissers S, Cartiaux M, Urrestarazu A: Characterisation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARO8 and ARO9 genes encoding aromatic aminotransferases I and II reveals a new aminotransferase subfamily. Mol Gen Genet. 1998 Jan;257(2):238-48. doi: 10.1007/s004380050644.
Pubmed: 9491083
Johnston M, Andrews S, Brinkman R, Cooper J, Ding H, Dover J, Du Z, Favello A, Fulton L, Gattung S, et al.: Complete nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VIII. Science. 1994 Sep 30;265(5181):2077-82. doi: 10.1126/science.8091229.
Pubmed: 8091229
Tettelin H, Agostoni Carbone ML, Albermann K, Albers M, Arroyo J, Backes U, Barreiros T, Bertani I, Bjourson AJ, Bruckner M, Bruschi CV, Carignani G, Castagnoli L, Cerdan E, Clemente ML, Coblenz A, Coglievina M, Coissac E, Defoor E, Del Bino S, Delius H, Delneri D, de Wergifosse P, Dujon B, Kleine K, et al.: The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII. Nature. 1997 May 29;387(6632 Suppl):81-4.
Pubmed: 9169869
Kellermann E, Seeboth PG, Hollenberg CP: Analysis of the primary structure and promoter function of a pyruvate decarboxylase gene (PDC1) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Nov 25;14(22):8963-77. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.22.8963.
Pubmed: 3537965
Hohmann S, Cederberg H: Autoregulation may control the expression of yeast pyruvate decarboxylase structural genes PDC1 and PDC5. Eur J Biochem. 1990 Mar 30;188(3):615-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb15442.x.
Pubmed: 2185016
Liesen T, Hollenberg CP, Heinisch JJ: ERA, a novel cis-acting element required for autoregulation and ethanol repression of PDC1 transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Microbiol. 1996 Aug;21(3):621-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02570.x.
Pubmed: 8866484
Muller EH, Richards EJ, Norbeck J, Byrne KL, Karlsson KA, Pretorius GH, Meacock PA, Blomberg A, Hohmann S: Thiamine repression and pyruvate decarboxylase autoregulation independently control the expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PDC5 gene. FEBS Lett. 1999 Apr 23;449(2-3):245-50. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00449-4.
Pubmed: 10338141
Johnston M, Hillier L, Riles L, Albermann K, Andre B, Ansorge W, Benes V, Bruckner M, Delius H, Dubois E, Dusterhoft A, Entian KD, Floeth M, Goffeau A, Hebling U, Heumann K, Heuss-Neitzel D, Hilbert H, Hilger F, Kleine K, Kotter P, Louis EJ, Messenguy F, Mewes HW, Hoheisel JD, et al.: The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XII. Nature. 1997 May 29;387(6632 Suppl):87-90.
Pubmed: 9169871
Hohmann S: Characterization of PDC6, a third structural gene for pyruvate decarboxylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol. 1991 Dec;173(24):7963-9. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.24.7963-7969.1991.
Pubmed: 1744053
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