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Pathway Description
Xanthophyll Cycle
Arabidopsis thaliana
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2017-02-23
Last Updated: 2019-08-14
Xanthophyll cycle is a pathway that transforms zeaxanthin to violaxanthin and antheraxanthin through enzymes. Xanthophyll cycle mainly takes place in diatoms and dinoflagellates of plants in high-light condition. Zeaxanthin is obatined from zeaxanthin biosynthesis that transforms lycopene to zeaxanthin (indirectly). Zeaxanthin is catalyzed into antheraxanthin and antheraxanthin catalyzed into violaxanthin both by the enzyme, zeaxanthin epoxidase with cofactor FAD. Violaxanthin deepoxidase/antheraxanthin deepoxidase can reverse the above reactions (i.e. violaxanthin to antheraxanthin and antheraxanthin to zeaxanthin).
References
Xanthophyll Cycle References
Niyogi KK, Grossman AR, Bjorkman O: Arabidopsis mutants define a central role for the xanthophyll cycle in the regulation of photosynthetic energy conversion. Plant Cell. 1998 Jul;10(7):1121-34.
Pubmed: 9668132
Xiong L, Lee H, Ishitani M, Zhu JK: Regulation of osmotic stress-responsive gene expression by the LOS6/ABA1 locus in Arabidopsis. J Biol Chem. 2002 Mar 8;277(10):8588-96. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109275200. Epub 2002 Jan 4.
Pubmed: 11779861
Barrero JM, Piqueras P, Gonzalez-Guzman M, Serrano R, Rodriguez PL, Ponce MR, Micol JL: A mutational analysis of the ABA1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana highlights the involvement of ABA in vegetative development. J Exp Bot. 2005 Aug;56(418):2071-83. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eri206. Epub 2005 Jun 27.
Pubmed: 15983017
Barrero JM, Rodriguez PL, Quesada V, Alabadi D, Blazquez MA, Boutin JP, Marion-Poll A, Ponce MR, Micol JL: The ABA1 gene and carotenoid biosynthesis are required for late skotomorphogenic growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Environ. 2008 Feb;31(2):227-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01759.x. Epub 2007 Dec 7.
Pubmed: 17996011
Bugos RC, Hieber AD, Yamamoto HY: Xanthophyll cycle enzymes are members of the lipocalin family, the first identified from plants. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jun 19;273(25):15321-4. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.25.15321.
Pubmed: 9624110
Theologis A, Ecker JR, Palm CJ, Federspiel NA, Kaul S, White O, Alonso J, Altafi H, Araujo R, Bowman CL, Brooks SY, Buehler E, Chan A, Chao Q, Chen H, Cheuk RF, Chin CW, Chung MK, Conn L, Conway AB, Conway AR, Creasy TH, Dewar K, Dunn P, Etgu P, Feldblyum TV, Feng J, Fong B, Fujii CY, Gill JE, Goldsmith AD, Haas B, Hansen NF, Hughes B, Huizar L, Hunter JL, Jenkins J, Johnson-Hopson C, Khan S, Khaykin E, Kim CJ, Koo HL, Kremenetskaia I, Kurtz DB, Kwan A, Lam B, Langin-Hooper S, Lee A, Lee JM, Lenz CA, Li JH, Li Y, Lin X, Liu SX, Liu ZA, Luros JS, Maiti R, Marziali A, Militscher J, Miranda M, Nguyen M, Nierman WC, Osborne BI, Pai G, Peterson J, Pham PK, Rizzo M, Rooney T, Rowley D, Sakano H, Salzberg SL, Schwartz JR, Shinn P, Southwick AM, Sun H, Tallon LJ, Tambunga G, Toriumi MJ, Town CD, Utterback T, Van Aken S, Vaysberg M, Vysotskaia VS, Walker M, Wu D, Yu G, Fraser CM, Venter JC, Davis RW: Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature. 2000 Dec 14;408(6814):816-20. doi: 10.1038/35048500.
Pubmed: 11130712
Cheng CY, Krishnakumar V, Chan AP, Thibaud-Nissen F, Schobel S, Town CD: Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference genome. Plant J. 2017 Feb;89(4):789-804. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13415. Epub 2017 Feb 10.
Pubmed: 27862469
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