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Pathway Description
Lipoic Acid Metabolism
Arabidopsis thaliana
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2017-11-28
Last Updated: 2019-09-12
Lipoic acid, also known as α-lipoic acid and thioctic acid, is an organosulfur (sulfur-containing) coenzyme. Lipoic acid is an essential cofactor of dehydrogenase enzymes involved in the oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoacids and the glycine cleavage (glycine decarboxylase) system. Lipoic acid is derived from the 8-carbon fatty acid, octanoic acid. In most eukaryotes, lipoic acid is synthesised in mitochondrion. However, in plants, the biosynthetic pathway is present in plastids in addition to mitochondria. Lipoic acid is made in animals normally, and is essential for aerobic metabolism. Lipoic acid metabolism starts by the precursor, Octanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein], which is made via fatty acid biosynthesis. Octanoyl-[acp] can be catalyzed by either lipoyl synthase (LipA) or lipoyl(octanoyl) transferase (LipB), to produce lipoyl-[acp] or protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine respectively. Lastly, protein N6-(lipoyl)lysine is generated via synthesis of protein N6-(octanoyl)lysine by LipA, or via the transfer of a lysine group to lipoyl-[acp] by LipB.
References
Lipoic Acid Metabolism References
Wada M, Yasuno R, Jordan SW, Cronan JE Jr, Wada H: Lipoic acid metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana: cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding lipoyltransferase. Plant Cell Physiol. 2001 Jun;42(6):650-6.
Pubmed: 11427685
Yasuno R, Wada H: The biosynthetic pathway for lipoic acid is present in plastids and mitochondria in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett. 2002 Apr 24;517(1-3):110-4.
Pubmed: 12062419
Wada M, Yasuno R, Jordan SW, Cronan JE Jr, Wada H: Lipoic acid metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana: cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding lipoyltransferase. Plant Cell Physiol. 2001 Jun;42(6):650-6. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pce081.
Pubmed: 11427685
Theologis A, Ecker JR, Palm CJ, Federspiel NA, Kaul S, White O, Alonso J, Altafi H, Araujo R, Bowman CL, Brooks SY, Buehler E, Chan A, Chao Q, Chen H, Cheuk RF, Chin CW, Chung MK, Conn L, Conway AB, Conway AR, Creasy TH, Dewar K, Dunn P, Etgu P, Feldblyum TV, Feng J, Fong B, Fujii CY, Gill JE, Goldsmith AD, Haas B, Hansen NF, Hughes B, Huizar L, Hunter JL, Jenkins J, Johnson-Hopson C, Khan S, Khaykin E, Kim CJ, Koo HL, Kremenetskaia I, Kurtz DB, Kwan A, Lam B, Langin-Hooper S, Lee A, Lee JM, Lenz CA, Li JH, Li Y, Lin X, Liu SX, Liu ZA, Luros JS, Maiti R, Marziali A, Militscher J, Miranda M, Nguyen M, Nierman WC, Osborne BI, Pai G, Peterson J, Pham PK, Rizzo M, Rooney T, Rowley D, Sakano H, Salzberg SL, Schwartz JR, Shinn P, Southwick AM, Sun H, Tallon LJ, Tambunga G, Toriumi MJ, Town CD, Utterback T, Van Aken S, Vaysberg M, Vysotskaia VS, Walker M, Wu D, Yu G, Fraser CM, Venter JC, Davis RW: Sequence and analysis of chromosome 1 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature. 2000 Dec 14;408(6814):816-20. doi: 10.1038/35048500.
Pubmed: 11130712
Cheng CY, Krishnakumar V, Chan AP, Thibaud-Nissen F, Schobel S, Town CD: Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference genome. Plant J. 2017 Feb;89(4):789-804. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13415. Epub 2017 Feb 10.
Pubmed: 27862469
Yasuno R, Wada H: Biosynthesis of lipoic acid in Arabidopsis: cloning and characterization of the cDNA for lipoic acid synthase. Plant Physiol. 1998 Nov;118(3):935-43. doi: 10.1104/pp.118.3.935.
Pubmed: 9808738
Lin X, Kaul S, Rounsley S, Shea TP, Benito MI, Town CD, Fujii CY, Mason T, Bowman CL, Barnstead M, Feldblyum TV, Buell CR, Ketchum KA, Lee J, Ronning CM, Koo HL, Moffat KS, Cronin LA, Shen M, Pai G, Van Aken S, Umayam L, Tallon LJ, Gill JE, Adams MD, Carrera AJ, Creasy TH, Goodman HM, Somerville CR, Copenhaver GP, Preuss D, Nierman WC, White O, Eisen JA, Salzberg SL, Fraser CM, Venter JC: Sequence and analysis of chromosome 2 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature. 1999 Dec 16;402(6763):761-8. doi: 10.1038/45471.
Pubmed: 10617197
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