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Pathway Description
Caffeine Metabolism
Mus musculus
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2018-01-21
Last Updated: 2023-10-25
Caffeine is obtained from diet including coffee and other beverages and is absorbed in the stomach and small intestine. In the liver, the cytochrome P450 oxidase enzyme system and specifically CYP1A2 metabolizes caffeine into paraxanthine to increase lipolysis and increase free fatty acids and glycerol levels in the blood, theobromine to dilate blood vessels and increase urine volume and theophylline which relaxes bronchi smooth muscles. In the lysosome, these metabolites undergo further metabolism into methyluric acids before being excreted in the urine. There is genetic variability in the metabolism of caffeine due to the polymorphism of CYP1A2. This variability can affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of caffeine and may affect an individual's consumption.
References
Caffeine Metabolism References
Lehninger, A.L. Lehninger principles of biochemistry (4th ed.) (2005). New York: W.H Freeman.
Salway, J.G. Metabolism at a glance (3rd ed.) (2004). Alden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub.
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Kimura S, Gonzalez FJ, Nebert DW: Mouse cytochrome P3-450: complete cDNA and amino acid sequence. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Mar 26;12(6):2917-28. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.6.2917.
Pubmed: 6324134
Gonzalez FJ, Kimura S, Nebert DW: Comparison of the flanking regions and introns of the mouse 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-inducible cytochrome P1-450 and P3-450 genes. J Biol Chem. 1985 Apr 25;260(8):5040-9.
Pubmed: 3988744
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Pubmed: 1536649
Davis JF, Felder MR: Mouse ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P450IIE1). Characterization of cDNA clones and testosterone induction in kidney tissue. J Biol Chem. 1993 Aug 5;268(22):16584-9.
Pubmed: 8344939
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Pubmed: 15489334
Yanagimoto T, Itoh S, Sawada M, Hashimoto H, Kamataki T: Molecular cloning and functional expression of a mouse cytochrome P-450 (Cyp3a-13): examination of Cyp3a-13 enzyme to activate aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Dec 15;1201(3):405-10. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(94)90069-8.
Pubmed: 7803471
Huttlin EL, Jedrychowski MP, Elias JE, Goswami T, Rad R, Beausoleil SA, Villen J, Haas W, Sowa ME, Gygi SP: A tissue-specific atlas of mouse protein phosphorylation and expression. Cell. 2010 Dec 23;143(7):1174-89. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.12.001.
Pubmed: 21183079
Luo G, Zeldin DC, Blaisdell JA, Hodgson E, Goldstein JA: Cloning and expression of murine CYP2Cs and their ability to metabolize arachidonic acid. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1998 Sep 1;357(1):45-57. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1998.0806.
Pubmed: 9721182
Church DM, Goodstadt L, Hillier LW, Zody MC, Goldstein S, She X, Bult CJ, Agarwala R, Cherry JL, DiCuccio M, Hlavina W, Kapustin Y, Meric P, Maglott D, Birtle Z, Marques AC, Graves T, Zhou S, Teague B, Potamousis K, Churas C, Place M, Herschleb J, Runnheim R, Forrest D, Amos-Landgraf J, Schwartz DC, Cheng Z, Lindblad-Toh K, Eichler EE, Ponting CP: Lineage-specific biology revealed by a finished genome assembly of the mouse. PLoS Biol. 2009 May 5;7(5):e1000112. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000112. Epub 2009 May 26.
Pubmed: 19468303
Matsunaga T, Watanabe K, Yamamoto I, Negishi M, Gonzalez FJ, Yoshimura H: cDNA cloning and sequence of CYP2C29 encoding P-450 MUT-2, a microsomal aldehyde oxygenase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Mar 8;1184(2-3):299-301. doi: 10.1016/0005-2728(94)90237-2.
Pubmed: 8130255
This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz -
Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.
Propagated from SMP0000028
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