64695
Pathway
Ubiquitin–Proteasome Pathway
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is the pathway in which molecules, specifically proteins, are broken down into smaller molecules in the cytosol or in the nucleus.This pathway subsequently has effects in many other pathways and processes. This pathway uses 2 distinct steps. The first step is that the protein being broken down is tagged by multiple ubiquitin units attaching to the protein. The second step is that the protein that has been tagged degrades as it is catalyzed by the 26S proteasome. This pathway is important for DNA repair, regulating the amount of proteins, and the creation of antigen-peptide.
Protein
PW064821
Center
PathwayVisualizationContext65097
1800
2300
#000099
PathwayVisualization64577
64695
Ubiquitin–Proteasome Pathway
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is the pathway in which molecules, specifically proteins, are broken down into smaller molecules in the cytosol or in the nucleus.This pathway subsequently has effects in many other pathways and processes. This pathway uses 2 distinct steps. The first step is that the protein being broken down is tagged by multiple ubiquitin units attaching to the protein. The second step is that the protein that has been tagged degrades as it is catalyzed by the 26S proteasome. This pathway is important for DNA repair, regulating the amount of proteins, and the creation of antigen-peptide.
Protein
1
230008
http://www.bostonbiochem.com/about/ubiquitin-proteasome-pathway-upp
64695
Pathway
230009
16738015
Lecker SH, Goldberg AL, Mitch WE: Protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in normal and disease states. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Jul;17(7):1807-19. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2006010083. Epub 2006 May 31.
64695
Pathway
1
Cell
CL:0000000
2
Platelet
CL:0000233
5
Hepatocyte
CL:0000182
3
Neuron
CL:0000540
4
Cardiomyocyte
CL:0000746
8
Beta cell
CL:0000639
7
Epithelial Cell
CL:0000066
1
Homo sapiens
9606
Eukaryote
Human
2
Bacteria
2
Prokaryote
Bacteria
3
Escherichia coli
562
Prokaryote
12
Mus musculus
10090
Eukaryote
Mouse
17
Rattus norvegicus
10116
Eukaryote
Rat
19
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
4896
Eukaryote
24
Solanum lycopersicum
4081
Eukaryote
Tomato
4
Arabidopsis thaliana
3702
Eukaryote
Thale cress
18
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4932
Eukaryote
Yeast
21
Xenopus laevis
8355
Eukaryote
African clawed frog
6
Caenorhabditis elegans
6239
Eukaryote
Roundworm
25
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
83333
Prokaryote
49
Bathymodiolus platifrons
220390
Eukaryote
Deep sea mussel
23
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
287
Prokaryote
60
Nitzschia sp.
0001
Eukaryote
Nitzschia4
5
Bos taurus
9913
Eukaryote
Cattle
10
Drosophila melanogaster
7227
Eukaryote
Fruit fly
1
Cytosol
GO:0005829
3
Mitochondrial Matrix
GO:0005759
5
Cytoplasm
GO:0005737
14
Mitochondrial Outer Membrane
GO:0005741
2
Mitochondrion
GO:0005739
15
Nucleus
GO:0005634
4
Peroxisome
GO:0005777
13
Endoplasmic Reticulum
GO:0005783
7
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane
GO:0005789
10
Cell Membrane
GO:0005886
27
Peroxisome Membrane
GO:0005778
31
Periplasmic Space
GO:0005620
11
Extracellular Space
GO:0005615
35
Chloroplast
GO:0009507
12
Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
GO:0005743
32
Inner Membrane
GO:0070258
19
sarcoplasmic reticulum
GO:0016529
2
Endothelium
BTO:0000393
1
Liver
BTO:0000759
72
9
7
Nervous System
BTO:0001484
18
Pancreas
BTO:0000988
25
Intestine
BTO:0000648
8
Blood Vessel
BTO:0001102
74
11
7
1
1
PW_BS000007
2
1
1
1
PW_BS000002
4
3
1
1
PW_BS000004
8
5
1
1
PW_BS000008
16
2
1
2
PW_BS000016
22
14
1
1
PW_BS000022
13
1
2
1
PW_BS000013
32
1
15
1
5
PW_BS000032
5
4
1
1
PW_BS000005
39
7
1
1
3
PW_BS000039
3
2
1
1
PW_BS000003
18
13
1
1
PW_BS000018
10
1
7
1
1
PW_BS000010
49
7
1
1
PW_BS000049
14
10
1
PW_BS000014
58
1
14
1
1
PW_BS000058
59
27
1
1
PW_BS000059
27
15
1
PW_BS000027
46
1
1
4
PW_BS000046
29
1
1
1
PW_BS000029
66
18
5
1
8
PW_BS000066
72
5
1
3
PW_BS000072
61
25
1
7
PW_BS000061
51
8
1
PW_BS000051
23
15
1
1
PW_BS000023
31
1
5
1
1
PW_BS000031
91
8
5
1
1
PW_BS000091
54
1
3
1
5
PW_BS000054
89
2
PW_BS000089
26
1
1
1
5
PW_BS000026
97
1
5
2
1
PW_BS000097
100
5
2
1
PW_BS000100
104
14
3
1
PW_BS000104
101
5
3
1
PW_BS000101
111
5
12
1
PW_BS000111
112
2
12
1
PW_BS000112
103
3
3
1
PW_BS000103
117
1
3
1
PW_BS000117
118
1
17
1
PW_BS000118
120
3
17
1
PW_BS000120
129
1
5
12
1
PW_BS000129
132
1
12
1
PW_BS000132
133
3
12
1
PW_BS000133
135
5
17
1
PW_BS000135
108
1
3
PW_BS000108
143
1
5
19
1
PW_BS000143
146
5
19
1
PW_BS000146
107
31
3
PW_BS000107
147
1
24
1
PW_BS000147
151
1
4
1
PW_BS000151
155
3
24
1
PW_BS000155
161
3
18
1
PW_BS000161
166
1
1
PW_BS000166
178
3
21
1
PW_BS000178
188
1
18
PW_BS000024
160
1
18
1
PW_BS000160
199
14
18
1
PW_BS000024
205
5
6
1
PW_BS000024
206
2
6
1
PW_BS000024
210
13
18
1
PW_BS000024
213
7
18
1
PW_BS000024
211
10
18
PW_BS000024
198
5
18
1
PW_BS000024
216
4
18
1
PW_BS000024
217
15
18
PW_BS000024
218
15
18
1
PW_BS000024
163
2
18
1
PW_BS000163
222
3
4
1
PW_BS000024
190
11
18
PW_BS000024
225
35
4
1
PW_BS000024
277
1
2
18
PW_BS000024
170
18
PW_BS000170
281
1
25
1
PW_BS000024
164
4
PW_BS000164
285
10
4
1
PW_BS000024
226
4
4
1
PW_BS000024
290
5
49
1
PW_BS000024
223
12
4
1
PW_BS000024
308
10
1
1
PW_BS000024
315
1
23
PW_BS000024
322
1
23
1
PW_BS000024
318
31
23
PW_BS000024
253
5
4
1
PW_BS000024
134
12
12
1
PW_BS000134
329
14
12
1
PW_BS000028
333
1
2
12
PW_BS000028
336
1
12
1
PW_BS000028
332
1
7
12
1
PW_BS000028
350
1
14
12
1
PW_BS000028
128
15
12
1
PW_BS000128
351
15
12
PW_BS000028
353
25
12
7
PW_BS000028
335
27
12
1
PW_BS000028
115
10
12
PW_BS000115
130
13
12
1
PW_BS000130
331
7
12
1
PW_BS000028
334
4
12
1
PW_BS000028
368
3
60
1
PW_BS000028
184
1
2
1
PW_BS000024
119
2
17
1
PW_BS000119
1
1
PW_BS000001
124
1
5
1
PW_BS000124
94
3
PW_BS000094
388
1
6
1
PW_BS000112
109
32
3
PW_BS000109
122
5
5
1
PW_BS000122
406
3
5
1
PW_BS000115
407
2
5
1
PW_BS000115
382
14
5
1
PW_BS000100
412
1
2
5
PW_BS000115
429
1
5
1
PW_BS000115
123
1
7
5
1
PW_BS000123
433
1
14
5
1
PW_BS000115
408
4
5
1
PW_BS000115
410
15
5
1
PW_BS000115
125
13
5
1
PW_BS000125
383
7
5
1
PW_BS000100
405
10
5
PW_BS000115
422
27
5
1
PW_BS000115
435
15
5
PW_BS000115
399
14
17
1
PW_BS000113
446
1
2
17
PW_BS000115
464
1
17
1
PW_BS000115
447
1
7
17
1
PW_BS000115
468
1
14
17
1
PW_BS000115
374
4
17
1
PW_BS000053
444
15
17
1
PW_BS000115
136
13
17
1
PW_BS000136
398
7
17
1
PW_BS000113
376
10
17
PW_BS000053
472
25
17
7
PW_BS000115
375
27
17
1
PW_BS000053
470
15
17
PW_BS000115
297
5
10
1
PW_BS000024
479
3
10
1
PW_BS000115
299
1
10
1
PW_BS000024
481
2
10
1
PW_BS000115
484
14
10
1
PW_BS000115
485
15
10
1
PW_BS000115
300
13
10
1
PW_BS000024
495
7
10
1
PW_BS000115
478
10
10
PW_BS000115
491
27
10
1
PW_BS000115
499
15
10
PW_BS000115
501
3
6
1
PW_BS000115
389
14
6
1
PW_BS000112
516
15
6
1
PW_BS000115
395
13
6
1
PW_BS000113
390
7
6
1
PW_BS000112
209
10
6
PW_BS000024
508
27
6
1
PW_BS000115
517
15
6
PW_BS000115
502
4
6
1
PW_BS000115
15
11
1
PW_BS000015
47
19
1
4
PW_BS000047
313
23
PW_BS000024
69
PW_B000069
181
7835
ProteinComplex
1
182
7836
ProteinComplex
1
80895
7
70
PW_B000070
183
7836
ProteinComplex
1
184
7841
ProteinComplex
1
80914
7
71
PW_B000071
185
404
ElementCollection
1
186
7836
ProteinComplex
1
80919
7
72
PW_B000072
187
1681
ProteinComplex
1
188
7836
ProteinComplex
1
189
404
ElementCollection
1
80921
7
414
Adenosine triphosphate
HMDB0000538
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide consisting of a purine base (adenine) attached to the first carbon atom of ribose (a pentose sugar). Three phosphate groups are esterified at the fifth carbon atom of the ribose. ATP is incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the processes of DNA replication and transcription. ATP contributes to cellular energy charge and participates in overall energy balance, maintaining cellular homeostasis. ATP can act as an extracellular signaling molecule via interactions with specific purinergic receptors to mediate a wide variety of processes as diverse as neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and bone remodelling. Extracellular ATP and its metabolite adenosine have also been shown to exert a variety of effects on nearly every cell type in human skin, and ATP seems to play a direct role in triggering skin inflammatory, regenerative, and fibrotic responses to mechanical injury, an indirect role in melanocyte proliferation and apoptosis, and a complex role in Langerhans cell-directed adaptive immunity. During exercise, intracellular homeostasis depends on the matching of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply and ATP demand. Metabolites play a useful role in communicating the extent of ATP demand to the metabolic supply pathways. Effects as different as proliferation or differentiation, chemotaxis, release of cytokines or lysosomal constituents, and generation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species are elicited upon stimulation of blood cells with extracellular ATP. The increased concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in erythrocytes from patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) has been observed in many studies but the mechanism leading to these abnormalities still is controversial. (PMID: 15490415, 15129319, 14707763, 14696970, 11157473).
56-65-5
C00002
5957
15422
ATP
5742
DB00171
NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
C10H16N5O13P3
InChI=1S/C10H16N5O13P3/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(26-10)1-25-30(21,22)28-31(23,24)27-29(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1
ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-N
({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)phosphonic acid
507.181
506.995745159
-2.05
7
adenosine triphosphate
0
-3
FDB021813
5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) adenosine;5'-atp;Atp;Adenosine 5'-triphosphate;Adenosine 5'-triphosphorate;Adenosine 5'-triphosphoric acid;Adenosine triphosphate;Adenylpyrophosphorate;Adenylpyrophosphoric acid;Adephos;Adetol;Adynol;Atipi;Atriphos;Cardenosine;Fosfobion;Glucobasin;Myotriphos;Phosphobion;Striadyne;Triadenyl;Triphosphaden;Triphosphoric acid adenosine ester;Adenosine-5'-triphosphate;H4atp;Adenosine triphosphoric acid;Adenosine-5'-triphosphoric acid
PW_C000414
ATP
9
2
21
4
60
8
266
16
414
22
478
13
733
32
799
5
934
39
976
3
2105
18
2112
10
2146
49
2156
14
2160
58
2405
59
2434
27
2726
46
2812
29
3029
66
3163
72
3616
61
3617
51
4399
23
4474
31
4768
91
4864
54
5032
89
5035
26
5155
7
5205
97
5215
100
5250
104
5291
101
5313
111
5346
112
5390
103
5406
117
5430
118
5443
120
5542
129
5556
132
5569
133
5603
135
5621
108
5846
143
5854
146
5876
107
5897
147
5924
151
6048
155
6109
161
6230
166
6493
178
6839
188
6870
160
6976
199
7157
205
7184
206
7209
210
7225
213
7229
211
7298
198
7302
216
7390
217
7408
218
7432
163
7481
222
7499
190
8186
225
11847
277
11903
170
12010
281
12039
164
12178
285
12578
226
12691
290
13264
223
15327
308
42326
315
42621
322
42694
318
77028
253
77218
134
77233
329
77468
333
77632
336
78037
332
78041
350
78168
128
78214
351
78240
353
78411
335
78494
115
78850
130
78865
331
78919
334
80028
368
80046
184
80674
119
85629
1
94826
124
113234
94
113282
388
116280
109
119914
122
119992
406
120154
407
120245
382
120362
412
121246
429
121392
123
121397
433
121471
408
121974
410
122065
125
122079
383
122083
405
122402
422
122444
435
122919
399
123009
446
123816
464
123951
447
123956
468
124029
374
124527
444
124616
136
124630
398
124634
376
124943
472
124972
375
125011
470
125304
297
125371
479
125392
299
125515
481
125595
484
126123
485
126220
300
126234
495
126240
478
126547
491
126596
499
126913
501
127123
389
127731
516
127781
395
127796
390
127801
209
128119
508
128167
517
32
Adenosine monophosphate
HMDB0000045
Adenosine monophosphate, also known as 5'-adenylic acid and abbreviated AMP, is a nucleotide that is found in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosine. AMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. AMP can be produced during ATP synthesis by the enzyme adenylate kinase. AMP has recently been approved as a 'Bitter Blocker' additive to foodstuffs. When AMP is added to bitter foods or foods with a bitter aftertaste it makes them seem 'sweeter'. This potentially makes lower calorie food products more palatable.
61-19-8
C00020
6083
16027
AMP
5858
DB00131
NC1=C2N=CN([C@@H]3O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)C2=NC=N1
C10H14N5O7P
InChI=1S/C10H14N5O7P/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(22-10)1-21-23(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1
UDMBCSSLTHHNCD-KQYNXXCUSA-N
{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}phosphonic acid
347.2212
347.063084339
-2.02
5
adenylate
0
-2
DBMET00485
FDB021806
5'-amp;5'-adenosine monophosphate;5'-adenylate;5'-adenylic acid;Amp;Adenosine 5'-monophosphate;Adenosine 5'-phosphate;Adenosine 5'-phosphorate;Adenosine 5'-phosphoric acid;Adenosine phosphate;Adenosine-5'-monophosphorate;Adenosine-5'-monophosphoric acid;Adenosine-5-monophosphorate;Adenosine-5-monophosphoric acid;Adenosine-monophosphate;Adenosine-phosphate;Adenovite;Adenylate;Adenylic acid;Cardiomone;Lycedan;Muscle adenylate;Muscle adenylic acid;My-b-den;My-beta-den;Phosaden;Phosphaden;Phosphentaside;5'-o-phosphonoadenosine;Adenosine 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate);Adenosine monophosphate;Adenosine-5'p;Adenosini phosphas;Ado5'p;Fosfato de adenosina;Pa;Pado;Phosphate d'adenosine;5'-adenosine monophosphoric acid;Adenosine phosphoric acid;Adenosine 5'-(dihydrogen phosphoric acid);Adenosine 5'-monophosphoric acid;Adenosine monophosphoric acid;Adenosine-5'-monophosphate;Phosphoric acid d'adenosine
PW_C000032
AMP
11
2
34
4
62
8
270
16
734
32
881
22
1189
14
4572
5
4867
54
5033
89
5251
104
5408
117
5423
103
5432
118
5457
120
5558
132
5583
133
5779
101
5795
108
6977
199
7072
188
11789
198
11868
161
11988
151
12003
222
12580
226
12636
31
12694
290
13331
225
42266
3
42646
315
77234
329
77325
111
78392
334
78809
115
79320
112
80399
1
80684
135
80900
7
119916
122
120016
124
120031
406
120246
382
120888
405
121954
408
122920
399
123464
376
124507
374
125306
297
125394
299
125409
479
125596
484
126853
205
126934
388
126949
501
127124
389
127311
209
127711
502
1034
Adenosine diphosphate
HMDB0001341
Adenosine diphosphate, abbreviated ADP, is a nucleotide. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleotide adenine. ADP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. ADP is the product of ATP dephosphorylation by ATPases. ADP is converted back to ATP by ATP synthases.
58-64-0
C00008
6022
16761
ADP
5800
NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
C10H15N5O10P2
InChI=1S/C10H15N5O10P2/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(24-10)1-23-27(21,22)25-26(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1
XTWYTFMLZFPYCI-KQYNXXCUSA-N
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]phosphonic acid
427.2011
427.029414749
-2.12
6
adenosine-diphosphate
0
-2
FDB021817
Adp;Adenosindiphosphorsaeure;Adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate;Adenosine diphosphate;Adenosine pyrophosphate;Adenosine-5'-diphosphate;Adenosine-5-diphosphate;Adenosine-diphosphate;5'-adenylphosphoric acid;Adenosine 5'-diphosphate;H3adp;5'-adenylphosphate;Adenosine 5'-diphosphoric acid;Adenosine-5'-diphosphoric acid
PW_C001034
ADP
23
4
134
8
415
22
482
13
801
5
963
15
978
3
1061
14
1518
2
1901
49
2104
18
2113
10
2161
58
2408
59
2435
27
2728
47
2736
46
2855
29
3165
72
3635
61
4400
23
4476
31
4770
91
5036
26
5157
7
5208
97
5217
100
5315
111
5349
112
5392
103
5446
120
5544
129
5572
133
5624
108
5741
117
5764
101
5849
143
5856
146
5878
107
5899
147
5926
151
6050
155
6111
161
6231
166
6495
178
6700
94
6841
188
6872
160
7159
205
7187
206
7208
210
7226
213
7231
211
7300
198
7303
216
7391
217
7410
218
7433
163
7483
222
8187
225
11851
277
11905
170
12013
281
12180
285
13262
223
15329
308
42328
315
42398
313
42622
322
42696
318
77029
253
77087
132
77216
134
77306
329
77472
333
77663
336
78039
332
78043
350
78170
128
78215
351
78244
353
78414
335
78495
115
78705
331
78849
130
78920
334
80030
368
80622
118
80651
135
80676
119
94827
124
113283
388
116204
109
119944
122
119994
406
120156
407
120318
382
120366
412
121248
429
121394
123
121399
433
121472
408
121899
383
121976
410
122064
125
122085
405
122405
422
122445
435
122973
399
123013
446
123818
464
123953
447
123958
468
124030
374
124452
398
124529
444
124615
136
124636
376
124947
472
124975
375
125012
470
125334
297
125373
479
125492
299
125517
481
125645
484
126125
485
126219
300
126235
495
126242
478
126550
491
126597
499
126915
501
127733
516
127780
395
127797
390
127803
209
128122
508
128168
517
128313
389
404
Protein Substrates
ProteinComplex
190
ProteinComplex
PW_EC000404
PS
80918
7
19
Peptide
ProteinComplex
PW_EC000019
16670
ChEBI
Peptide
585
Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1
P22314
Activates ubiquitin by first adenylating its C-terminal glycine residue with ATP, and thereafter linking this residue to the side chain of a cysteine residue in E1, yielding an ubiquitin- E1 thioester and free AMP
HMDBP00618
UBA1
CH471164
1
80898
7
14676
Polyubiquitin-B
P0CG47
Ubiquitin: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling.
UBB
1
80892
7
80944
8
14677
Ubiquitin D
O15205
Ubiquitin-like protein modifier which can be covalently attached to target protein and subsequently leads to their degradation by the 26S proteasome, in a NUB1-dependent manner. Probably functions as a survival factor. Conjugation ability activated by UBA6. Promotes the expression of the proteasome subunit beta type-9 (PSMB9/LMP2). Regulates TNF-alpha-induced and LPS-mediated activation of the central mediator of innate immunity NF-kappa-B by promoting TNF-alpha-mediated proteasomal degradation of ubiquitinated-I-kappa-B-alpha. Required for TNF-alpha-induced p65 nuclear translocation in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs). May be involved in dendritic cell (DC) maturation, the process by which immature dendritic cells differentiate into fully competent antigen-presenting cells that initiate T-cell responses. Mediates mitotic non-disjunction and chromosome instability, in long-term in vitro culture and cancers, by abbreviating mitotic phase and impairing the kinetochore localization of MAD2L1 during the prometaphase stage of the cell cycle. May be involved in the formation of aggresomes when proteasome is saturated or impaired. Mediates apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner, especially in renal epithelium and tubular cells during renal diseases such as polycystic kidney disease and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nephropathy (HIVAN).
UBD
1
80893
7
80945
8
14508
Polyubiquitin-C
P0CG48
UBC
1
80507
8
80897
7
587
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 E1
P51965
Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. Catalyzes the covalent attachment of ISG15 to other proteins. Mediates the selective degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins. In vitro also catalyzes 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination.
HMDBP00620
UBE2E1
3p24.2
X92963
1
6.3.2.19
80913
7
14679
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CHIP
Q9UNE7
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which targets misfolded chaperone substrates towards proteasomal degradation. Collaborates with ATXN3 in the degradation of misfolded chaperone substrates: ATXN3 restricting the length of ubiquitin chain attached to STUB1/CHIP substrates and preventing further chain extension. Ubiquitinates NOS1 in concert with Hsp70 and Hsp40. Modulates the activity of several chaperone complexes, including Hsp70, Hsc70 and Hsp90. Mediates transfer of non-canonical short ubiquitin chains to HSPA8 that have no effect on HSPA8 degradation. Mediates polyubiquitination of DNA polymerase beta (POLB) at 'Lys-41', 'Lys-61' and 'Lys-81', thereby playing a role in base-excision repair: catalyzes polyubiquitination by amplifying the HUWE1/ARF-BP1-dependent monoubiquitination and leading to POLB-degradation by the proteasome. Mediates polyubiquitination of CYP3A4. Ubiquitinates EPHA2 and may regulate the receptor stability and activity through proteasomal degradation. Acts as a co-chaperone for HSPA1A and HSPA1B chaperone proteins and promotes ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation (PubMed:27708256). Negatively regulates the suppressive function of regulatory T-cells (Treg) during inflammation by mediating the ubiquitination and degradation of FOXP3 in a HSPA1A/B-dependent manner (PubMed:23973223). Likely mediates polyubiquitination and downregulates plasma membrane expression of PD-L1/CD274, an immune inhibitory ligand critical for immune tolerance to self and antitumor immunity. Negatively regulates TGF-beta signaling by modulating the basal level of SMAD3 via ubiquitin-mediated degradation (PubMed:24613385).
STUB1
1
2.3.2.27
80916
7
7931
Proteasome subunit alpha type-1
P25786
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. Mediates the lipopolysaccharide-induced signal transduction in the macrophage proteasome (By similarity). Might be involved in the anti-inflammatory response of macrophages during the interaction with C.albicans heat-inactivated cells (By similarity).
PSMA1
1
3.4.25.1
80922
8
7932
Proteasome subunit alpha type-2
P25787
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. PSMA2 may have a potential regulatory effect on another component(s) of the proteasome complex through tyrosine phosphorylation.
PSMA2
1
3.4.25.1
80923
8
7933
Proteasome subunit alpha type-3
P25788
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. Binds to the C-terminus of CDKN1A and thereby mediates its degradation. Negatively regulates the membrane trafficking of the cell-surface thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R) isoform 2.
PSMA3
1
3.4.25.1
80924
8
7934
Proteasome subunit alpha type-4
P25789
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
PSMA4
1
3.4.25.1
80925
8
7935
Proteasome subunit alpha type-5
P28066
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
PSMA5
1
3.4.25.1
80926
8
7936
Proteasome subunit alpha type-6
P60900
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
PSMA6
1
3.4.25.1
80927
8
7937
Proteasome subunit alpha type-7
O14818
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation or cell cycle control, transcriptional regulation, immune and stress response, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. Interacts with some important proteins involved in transcription factor regulation, cell cycle transition, viral replication and even tumor initiation and progression. Inhibits the transactivation function of HIF-1A under both normoxic and hypoxia-mimicking conditions. The interaction with EMAP2 increases the proteasome-mediated HIF-1A degradation under the hypoxic conditions. Plays a role in hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation. Mediates nuclear translocation of the androgen receptor (AR) and thereby enhances androgen-mediated transactivation. Promotes MAVS degradation and thereby negatively regulates MAVS-mediated innate immune response.
PSMA7
1
3.4.25.1
80928
8
7938
Proteasome subunit beta type-1
P20618
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
PSMB1
1
3.4.25.1
80929
8
7939
Proteasome subunit beta type-2
P49721
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This subunit has a trypsin-like activity.
PSMB2
1
3.4.25.1
80930
8
7940
Proteasome subunit beta type-3
P49720
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.
PSMB3
1
3.4.25.1
80931
8
7941
Proteasome subunit beta type-4
P28070
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. Mediates the lipopolysaccharide-induced signal macrophage proteasome (By similarity). SMAD1/OAZ1/PSMB4 complex mediates the degradation of the CREBBP/EP300 repressor SNIP1.
PSMB4
1
3.4.25.1
80932
8
7942
Proteasome subunit beta type-5
P28074
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This unit is responsible of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome and is one of the principal target of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. May catalyze basal processing of intracellular antigens. Plays a role in the protection against oxidative damage through the Nrf2-ARE pathway (By similarity).
PSMB5
1
3.4.25.1
80933
8
7943
Proteasome subunit beta type-6
P28072
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This unit is responsible of the peptidyl glutamyl-like activity. May catalyze basal processing of intracellular antigens.
PSMB6
1
3.4.25.1
80934
8
7944
Proteasome subunit beta type-7
Q99436
The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This unit is responsible of the trypsin-like activity.
PSMB7
1
3.4.25.1
80935
8
7945
26S protease regulatory subunit 4
P62191
The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex.
PSMC1
1
80936
8
7946
26S protease regulatory subunit 7
P35998
The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex. In case of HIV-1 infection, positive modulator of Tat-mediated transactivation.
PSMC2
1
80937
8
7947
26S protease regulatory subunit 6A
P17980
The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex (By similarity). In case of HIV-1 infection, suppresses Tat-mediated transactivation.
PSMC3
1
80938
8
7948
26S protease regulatory subunit 6B
P43686
The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex.
PSMC4
1
80939
8
7949
26S protease regulatory subunit 8
P62195
The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex.
PSMC5
1
80940
8
7950
26S protease regulatory subunit 10B
P62333
The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex.
PSMC6
1
80941
8
7951
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13
Q9UNM6
Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.
PSMD13
1
80942
8
7952
26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4
P55036
Binds and presumably selects ubiquitin-conjugates for destruction. Displays selectivity for longer polyubiquitin chains. Modulates intestinal fluid secretion.
PSMD4
1
80943
8
14680
Deubiquitinating enzyme 1
Q9H9C5
DUB1
1
80948
7
7835
Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 (E1)
1
PW_P007835
15878
585
80891
7
7836
Ubiquitin Complex
1
PW_P007836
15879
14676
15880
14677
15881
14508
80894
7
7841
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 E1
1
PW_P007841
15888
587
80912
7
1681
26S proteasome
1
PW_P001681
2075
7931
1
2076
7932
1
2077
7933
1
2078
7934
1
2079
7935
1
2080
7936
1
2081
7937
1
2082
7938
1
2083
7939
1
2084
7940
1
2085
7941
1
2086
7942
1
2087
7943
1
2088
7944
1
2089
7945
1
2090
7946
1
2091
7947
1
2092
7948
1
2093
7949
1
2094
7950
1
2095
7951
1
2096
7952
1
7840
Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 with ATP
1
PW_P007840
15887
585
807
414
80904
7
7843
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CHIP (E3)
1
PW_P007843
15890
14679
80917
7
7846
Deubiquitinating enzyme 1
1
PW_P007846
15895
14680
80949
7
110960
PW_R110960
Right
403717
7840
1
ProteinComplex
false
403718
32
1
Compound
false
110961
PW_R110961
Right
403719
69
1
Bound
false
403720
7835
1
ProteinComplex
false
110962
PW_R110962
Right
403721
70
1
Bound
false
403722
7841
1
ProteinComplex
false
110964
PW_R110964
Right
403726
70
1
Bound
false
403727
71
1
Bound
false
110965
PW_R110965
Right
403728
71
1
Bound
false
403729
71
1
Bound
false
110966
PW_R110966
Right
403730
71
1
Bound
false
403731
1681
1
ProteinComplex
false
403732
72
1
Bound
false
110968
PW_R110968
Right
403735
72
1
Bound
false
403736
7836
1
ProteinComplex
false
101193
7846
110969
PW_R110969
Right
403737
72
1
Bound
false
403738
19
1
ElementCollection
false
110970
PW_R110970
Right
403739
414
1
Compound
false
403740
1034
1
Compound
false
686
Activation
PW_I000686
1371
7840
ProteinComplex
1
1372
7836
ProteinComplex
1
687
Activation
PW_I000687
1373
7836
ProteinComplex
1
1374
69
Bound
1
689
Activation
PW_I000689
1377
7841
ProteinComplex
1
1378
69
Bound
1
691
Activation
PW_I000691
1381
69
Bound
1
1382
70
Bound
1
692
Activation
PW_I000692
1383
7843
ProteinComplex
1
1384
70
Bound
1
693
Activation
PW_I000693
1385
404
ElementCollection
1
1386
70
Bound
1
470
69
7
64577
763
483926
2169538
764
483927
2169539
471
70
7
64577
765
483933
2169550
766
483934
2169551
473
71
7
64577
58
9816
2169575
768
483946
2169576
474
71
7
64577
59
9817
2169581
769
483947
2169582
475
72
8
64577
60
9818
2169691
770
484011
2169692
771
484012
2169693
1590205
414
7
9
false
442
533
10
regular
100
35
1590207
32
7
44
false
542
435
10
regular
50
30
1590226
414
7
42
false
569
1339
10
regular
50
30
1590227
1034
7
43
false
314
1339
10
regular
50
30
9816
404
37
7
false
2019
571
12
regular
100
90
9817
404
37
7
false
2019
871
12
regular
100
90
9818
404
37
8
false
811
976
12
regular
100
90
9813
404
37
7
false
1594
216
12
regular
100
90
9820
19
37
7
false
191
1201
12
regular
100
90
596414
585
7
2
false
1067
381
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596415
14676
7
2
false
1067
441
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596416
14677
7
2
false
1067
501
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596417
14508
7
2
false
1067
561
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596429
14676
7
2
false
1494
576
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596430
14677
7
2
false
1494
681
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596431
14508
7
2
false
1494
626
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596432
587
7
2
false
1609
651
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596450
14676
7
2
false
1879
571
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596451
14677
7
2
false
1879
631
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596452
14508
7
2
false
1879
691
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596453
14676
7
2
false
1879
881
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596454
14677
7
2
false
1879
941
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596455
14508
7
2
false
1879
1001
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596583
7931
8
2
false
671
976
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596584
7932
8
2
false
671
1036
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596585
7933
8
2
false
671
1096
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596586
7934
8
2
false
671
1156
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596587
7935
8
2
false
671
1216
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596588
7936
8
2
false
671
1276
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596589
7937
8
2
false
671
1336
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596590
7938
8
2
false
671
1396
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596591
7939
8
2
false
936
1101
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596592
7940
8
2
false
936
1161
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596593
7941
8
2
false
936
1211
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596594
7942
8
2
false
931
1276
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596595
7943
8
2
false
936
1331
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596596
7944
8
2
false
936
1391
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596597
7945
8
2
false
941
1456
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596598
7946
8
2
false
796
1096
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596599
7947
8
2
false
796
1156
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596600
7948
8
2
false
791
1211
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596601
7949
8
2
false
796
1276
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596602
7950
8
2
false
796
1336
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596603
7951
8
2
false
791
1391
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596604
7952
8
2
false
1061
1101
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596605
14676
8
2
false
1066
1166
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596606
14677
8
2
false
1066
1226
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596607
14508
8
2
false
1061
1281
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596410
585
7
2
false
417
558
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596411
14676
7
2
false
737
441
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596412
14677
7
2
false
737
501
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596413
14508
7
2
false
737
561
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596426
587
7
2
false
1067
221
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596433
585
7
2
false
1312
441
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596436
14679
7
2
false
1419
226
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596438
587
7
2
false
1854
416
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596561
7931
8
2
false
1604
1321
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596562
7932
8
2
false
1604
1381
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596563
7933
8
2
false
1609
1446
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596564
7934
8
2
false
1604
1501
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596565
7935
8
2
false
1314
1316
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596566
7936
8
2
false
1314
1376
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596567
7937
8
2
false
1314
1436
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596568
7938
8
2
false
1609
1201
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596569
7939
8
2
false
1609
1261
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596570
7940
8
2
false
1314
1196
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596571
7941
8
2
false
1314
1256
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596572
7942
8
2
false
1464
1196
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596573
7943
8
2
false
1459
1261
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596574
7944
8
2
false
1464
1316
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596575
7945
8
2
false
1464
1376
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596576
7946
8
2
false
1464
1436
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596577
7947
8
2
false
1759
1201
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596578
7948
8
2
false
1759
1261
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596579
7949
8
2
false
1759
1321
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596580
7950
8
2
false
1759
1381
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596581
7951
8
2
false
1759
1441
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596582
7952
8
2
false
1759
1501
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596613
14676
7
2
false
416
691
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596614
14677
7
2
false
416
751
8
subunit
regular
150
70
596615
14508
7
2
false
416
821
8
subunit
regular
150
70
483926
7835
64577
7
594921
596414
483927
7836
64577
7
594922
596415
594923
596416
594924
596417
483933
7836
64577
7
594936
596429
594937
596430
594938
596431
483934
7841
64577
7
594939
596432
483946
7836
64577
7
594956
596450
594957
596451
594958
596452
483947
7836
64577
7
594959
596453
594960
596454
594961
596455
484011
1681
64577
8
595088
596583
595089
596584
595090
596585
595091
596586
595092
596587
595093
596588
595094
596589
595095
596590
595096
596591
595097
596592
595098
596593
595099
596594
595100
596595
595101
596596
595102
596597
595103
596598
595104
596599
595105
596600
595106
596601
595107
596602
595108
596603
595109
596604
484012
7836
64577
8
595110
596605
595111
596606
595112
596607
483924
7840
64577
7
594917
596410
8394
1590205
2169528
Cofactor
483925
7836
64577
7
594918
596411
594919
596412
594920
596413
483930
7841
64577
7
594933
596426
483935
7835
64577
7
594940
596433
483938
7843
64577
7
594943
596436
483939
7841
64577
7
594944
596438
484010
1681
64577
8
595066
596561
595067
596562
595068
596563
595069
596564
595070
596565
595071
596566
595072
596567
595073
596568
595074
596569
595075
596570
595076
596571
595077
596572
595078
596573
595079
596574
595080
596575
595081
596576
595082
596577
595083
596578
595084
596579
595085
596580
595086
596581
595087
596582
484018
7836
64577
7
595118
596613
595119
596614
595120
596615
2169528
M397 478 L397 528 L447 478 z
10
true
18
2169529
M522 543 C552 543 572 531 602 531
149
true
18
2169530
M737 596 C707 596 597 593 567 593
149
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
2169533
M542 450 C512 450 607 530.5 577 530.5
5
true
18
true
M 677.9468550441649 13.26155629629604 L 663 12 L 669.3808877211858 25.575134323078345
false
2169534
M567 593 C568 540 567 511 567 465
5
false
18
true
M 1117.0096189432334 437 L 1130 429.5 L 1117.0096189432334 422
false
2169537
M887 596 C917 596 932 511 962 511
149
true
18
2169538
M1062 376 L1062 426 L1112 376 z
10
true
18
2169539
M1062 436 L1062 486 L1112 436 z
10
true
18
2169540
M1067 596 C1037 596 917 596 887 596
149
false
18
true
M 856.9468550441649 179.26155629629605 L 842 178 L 848.3808877211858 191.57513432307834
false
2169545
M1217 256 C1247 256 962 516 992 516
149
true
18
2169546
M1142 381 C1143 359 1142 308 1142 291
149
false
18
true
M 1076.9468550441647 13.26155629629604 L 1062 12 L 1068.380887721186 25.575134323078345
false
2169549
M1217 596 C1247 596 1262 506 1292 506
149
true
18
2169550
M1509 381 L1509 431 L1559 381 z
10
true
18
2169551
M1509 561 L1509 611 L1559 561 z
10
true
18
2169552
M1494 661 C1464 661 1172 659 1142 659 C1141 638 1142 648 1142 631
149
false
18
true
M 1076.9468550441647 18.26155629629604 L 1062 17 L 1068.380887721186 30.575134323078345
false
2169553
M1312 476 C1282 476 1322 506 1292 506
5
true
18
true
M 1255.9468550441647 128.26155629629605 L 1241 127 L 1247.380887721186 140.57513432307834
false
2169554
M1217 596 C1275 597 1341 599 1388 598 C1388 533 1388 566 1387 511
5
false
18
true
M 1832.0096189432334 412.5 L 1845 405 L 1832.0096189432334 397.5
false
2169557
M1569 261 C1599 261 1399.5 496 1429.5 496
149
true
18
2169558
M1494 611 C1493 572 1494 320 1494 296
149
false
18
true
M 1493.9468550441647 128.26155629629605 L 1479 127 L 1485.380887721186 140.57513432307834
false
2169560
M1854 451 C1824 451 1769 521 1739 521
5
true
18
true
M 1493.9468550441647 98.26155629629604 L 1479 97 L 1485.380887721186 110.57513432307834
false
2169561
M1759 686 C1757 631 1758 479 1757 452 C1791 450 1829 452 1854 451
5
false
18
true
M 2293.0096189432334 328.5 L 2306 321 L 2293.0096189432334 313.5
false
2169562
M1694 271 C1724 271 1421.5 521 1451.5 521
149
true
18
2169563
M1644 611 C1644 558 1646 375 1644 326
149
false
18
true
M 1493.9468550441647 98.26155629629604 L 1479 97 L 1485.380887721186 110.57513432307834
false
2169574
M1759 686 C1789 686 1731.5 511 1761.5 511
5
true
18
2169575
M2014 566 L2014 616 L2064 566 z
10
true
18
2169576
M1874 566 L1874 616 L1924 566 z
10
true
18
2169577
M1879 606 C1849 606 1788 605 1758 605 C1759 648 1758 653 1759 686
5
false
18
true
M 1564.9468550441647 245.26155629629605 L 1550 244 L 1556.380887721186 257.5751343230783
false
2169580
M2119 626 C2149 626 2164 666 2194 666
5
true
18
2169581
M1919 866 L1919 916 L1969 866 z
10
true
18
2169582
M1779 866 L1779 916 L1829 866 z
10
true
18
2169583
M1954 881 C1953 841 1954 794 1954 761
5
false
18
true
M 1564.9468550441647 311.261556296296 L 1550 310 L 1556.380887721186 323.5751343230783
false
2169689
M1389 1196 C1389 1166 1388 1117 1389 1087 C1295 1087 946 1086 861 1086
5
false
18
true
M 2854.0096189432334 62.5 L 2867 55 L 2854.0096189432334 47.5
false
2169690
M2119 926 C2149 926 2069 576 2099 576
5
true
18
2169691
M806 971 L806 1021 L856 971 z
10
true
18
2169692
M666 971 L666 1021 L716 971 z
10
true
18
2169693
M666 2291 L666 2341 L716 2291 z
10
true
18
2169694
M911 1031 C1313 1031 1626 1035 1879 1036
5
false
18
true
M 1564.9468550441647 339.261556296296 L 1550 338 L 1556.380887721186 351.5751343230783
false
2169713
M416 856 C386 856 993.5 1731 963.5 1731
5
true
18
true
M 1031.9468550441647 1772.261556296296 L 1017 1771 L 1023.3808877211858 1784.5751343230784
false
2169714
M861 976 C861 946 860 920 861 891 C803 891 610 892 491 891
5
false
18
true
M 1211.0096189432334 862.5 L 1224 855 L 1211.0096189432334 847.5
false
2169715
M492 628 C492 648 491 673 491 691
5
false
18
true
M 854.9468550441649 480.261556296296 L 840 479 L 846.3808877211858 492.5751343230783
false
2169721
M191 1251 C161 1251 981 1731 951 1731
5
true
18
true
M 628.9468550441649 781.261556296296 L 614 780 L 620.3808877211858 793.5751343230784
false
2169722
M671 1251 C551 1251 375 1251 291 1251
5
false
18
true
M 711.0096189432334 1392.5 L 724 1385 L 711.0096189432334 1377.5
false
2169723
M569 1354 C535 1352 -21 944 9 944
5
true
18
2169724
M339 1339 C472 1205 491 1239 594 1339
5
false
18
true
M 427.94685504416486 826.261556296296 L 413 825 L 419.38088772118584 838.5751343230784
false
489363
64577
110960
7
1960707
1590207
2169533
Right
10861
483924
2169534
Left
489364
64577
110961
7
406
470
2169554
Left
10862
483935
2169553
Right
489365
64577
110962
7
407
471
2169561
Left
10863
483939
2169560
Right
489367
64577
110964
7
408
471
2169574
Left
409
473
2169577
Right
489368
64577
110965
7
410
473
2169580
Left
411
474
2169583
Right
489369
64577
110966
8
412
474
2169690
Left
413
475
2169694
Right
10867
484010
2169689
Left
489371
64577
110968
7
415
475
2169714
Left
10868
484018
2169713
Right
489372
64577
110969
7
416
475
2169722
Left
10237
9820
2169721
Right
489373
64577
110970
7
1960708
1590226
2169723
Left
1960709
1590227
2169724
Right
2022
686
64577
7
2327
483924
2169529
Left
2328
483925
2169530
Right
2023
687
64577
7
568
470
2169540
Right
2329
483925
2169537
Left
2025
689
64577
7
569
470
2169546
Right
2332
483930
2169545
Left
2027
691
64577
7
570
470
2169549
Left
571
471
2169552
Right
2029
692
64577
7
572
471
2169558
Right
2337
483938
2169557
Left
2030
693
64577
7
573
471
2169563
Right
440
9813
2169562
Left
63791
2169715
220508
M123 225 C123 175 173 125 223 125 C784 125 1514 125 2075 125 C2125 125 2175 175 2175 225 C2175 630 2175 1157 2175 1562 C2175 1612 2125 1662 2075 1662 C1514 1662 784 1662 223 1662 C173 1662 123 1612 123 1562 C123 1157 123 630 123 225
1
true
6
2052.0
1537.0
245650
15
(This is one example of E2) There are various types of E2, which interact with different types of protein (for more details see reference)
1053
126
20
1.0
1.0
160
15
245651
15
(This is one example of E3) There are various types of E3, which interact with different types of proteins (for more details see reference)
1415
126
20
1.0
1.0
160
15
245653
15
Multiple Cycles
1869
777
20
1.0
1.0
160
15
245671
235
Cytoplasm
237
1456
20
1.6
1.6
200
15