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Pathway Description
Glutathione Metabolism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2016-01-04
Last Updated: 2019-09-12
The biosynthesis of glutathione starts with Cysteine and Glutamic acid being combined through a glutamate-cysteine ligase resulting in the release of a hydrogen ion, ADP, a phosphate and Gammaglutamylcysteine. The latter compound reacts with a glycine through an ATP dependent glutathione synthase resulting in the release of hydrogen ion, ADP, a phosphate and a glutathione. Glutathione is degraded into cysteinylglycine through a gamma-glutamyltransferase. Cysteinylglycine reacts with water through a cys-gly metaliodipeptidase resulting in the release of glycine and cysteine. L-cysteine reacts with glutamic acid through a glutamate-cysteine ligase resulting in the release of a hydrogen ion, ADP, a phosphate and Gammaglutamylcysteine. The latter compound reacts with a glycine through an ATP dependent glutathione synthase resulting in the release of hydrogen ion, ADP, a phosphate and a glutathione
References
Glutathione Metabolism References
Elskens MT, Jaspers CJ, Penninckx MJ: Glutathione as an endogenous sulphur source in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Gen Microbiol. 1991 Mar;137(3):637-44. doi: 10.1099/00221287-137-3-637.
Pubmed: 1674526
Grant CM, MacIver FH, Dawes IW: Glutathione is an essential metabolite required for resistance to oxidative stress in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet. 1996 May;29(6):511-5.
Pubmed: 8662189
Miyake T, Sammoto H, Kanayama M, Tomochika Ki, Shinoda S, Ono Bi: Role of the sulphate assimilation pathway in utilization of glutathione as a sulphur source by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast. 1999 Oct;15(14):1449-57. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(199910)15:14<1449::AID-YEA469>3.0.CO;2-S.
Pubmed: 10514563
Stephen DW, Jamieson DJ: Amino acid-dependent regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GSH1 gene by hydrogen peroxide. Mol Microbiol. 1997 Jan;23(2):203-10.
Pubmed: 9044254
Sugiyama K, Izawa S, Inoue Y: The Yap1p-dependent induction of glutathione synthesis in heat shock response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem. 2000 May 19;275(20):15535-40.
Pubmed: 10809786
Ganguli D, Kumar C, Bachhawat AK: The alternative pathway of glutathione degradation is mediated by a novel protein complex involving three new genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics. 2007 Mar;175(3):1137-51. doi: 10.1534/genetics.106.066944. Epub 2006 Dec 18.
Pubmed: 17179087
Jaspers CJ, Penninckx MJ: Glutathione metabolism in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Evidence that gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase is a vacuolar enzyme. Biochimie. 1984 Jan;66(1):71-4.
Pubmed: 6143574
Jaspers CJ, Gigot D, Penninckx MJ: Pathways of glutathione degradation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Phytochemistry. 1985 Jan 01;24(4):703-707. doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84880-3.
Ohtake Y, Yabuuchi S: Molecular cloning of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast. 1991 Dec;7(9):953-61. doi: 10.1002/yea.320070907.
Pubmed: 1687097
Lisowsky T: A high copy number of yeast gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase suppresses a nuclear mutation affecting mitochondrial translation. Curr Genet. 1993 May-Jun;23(5-6):408-13.
Pubmed: 8100487
Rasmussen SW: A 37.5 kb region of yeast chromosome X includes the SME1, MEF2, GSH1 and CSD3 genes, a TCP-1-related gene, an open reading frame similar to the DAL80 gene, and a tRNA(Arg). Yeast. 1995 Jul;11(9):873-83. doi: 10.1002/yea.320110909.
Pubmed: 7483851
Inoue Y, Sugiyama K, Izawa S, Kimura A: Molecular identification of glutathione synthetase (GSH2) gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Feb 11;1395(3):315-20. doi: 10.1016/s0167-4781(97)00199-1.
Pubmed: 9512666
Dujon B, Albermann K, Aldea M, Alexandraki D, Ansorge W, Arino J, Benes V, Bohn C, Bolotin-Fukuhara M, Bordonne R, Boyer J, Camasses A, Casamayor A, Casas C, Cheret G, Cziepluch C, Daignan-Fornier B, Dang DV, de Haan M, Delius H, Durand P, Fairhead C, Feldmann H, Gaillon L, Kleine K, et al.: The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XV. Nature. 1997 May 29;387(6632 Suppl):98-102.
Pubmed: 9169874
Engel SR, Dietrich FS, Fisk DG, Binkley G, Balakrishnan R, Costanzo MC, Dwight SS, Hitz BC, Karra K, Nash RS, Weng S, Wong ED, Lloyd P, Skrzypek MS, Miyasato SR, Simison M, Cherry JM: The reference genome sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: then and now. G3 (Bethesda). 2014 Mar 20;4(3):389-98. doi: 10.1534/g3.113.008995.
Pubmed: 24374639
Johnston M, Hillier L, Riles L, Albermann K, Andre B, Ansorge W, Benes V, Bruckner M, Delius H, Dubois E, Dusterhoft A, Entian KD, Floeth M, Goffeau A, Hebling U, Heumann K, Heuss-Neitzel D, Hilbert H, Hilger F, Kleine K, Kotter P, Louis EJ, Messenguy F, Mewes HW, Hoheisel JD, et al.: The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XII. Nature. 1997 May 29;387(6632 Suppl):87-90.
Pubmed: 9169871
Penninckx M, Jaspers C, Wiame JM: Glutathione metabolism in relation to the amino-acid permeation systems of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Occurrence of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase: its regulation and the effects of permeation mutations on the enzyme cellular level. Eur J Biochem. 1980 Feb;104(1):119-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb04407.x.
Pubmed: 6102906
Murakami Y, Naitou M, Hagiwara H, Shibata T, Ozawa M, Sasanuma S, Sasanuma M, Tsuchiya Y, Soeda E, Yokoyama K, et al.: Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of chromosome VI from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nat Genet. 1995 Jul;10(3):261-8. doi: 10.1038/ng0795-261.
Pubmed: 7670463
Eki T, Naitou M, Hagiwara H, Ozawa M, Sasanuma SI, Sasanuma M, Tsuchiya Y, Shibata T, Hanaoka F, Murakami Y: Analysis of a 36.2 kb DNA sequence including the right telomere of chromosome VI from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast. 1996 Feb;12(2):149-67. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(199602)12:2%3C149::AID-YEA893%3E3.0.CO;2-G.
Pubmed: 8686379
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