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Pathway Description
Mannose Metabolism
Arabidopsis thaliana
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2017-05-11
Last Updated: 2019-09-12
Mannose is a sugar monomer of the aldohexose series of carbohydrates and is a C-2 epimer of glucose. It is a key monosaccharide for protein and lipid glycosylation . The majority of mannose metabolism takes place in the cytosol. There are two routes to form mannose 6-phosphate. The first subpathway involves using beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate from glycolysis. The enzyme mannose-6-phosphate isomerase catalyzes the interconversion of beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate and D-mannose 6-phosphate. It requires a zinc ion as a cofactor. The second subpathway involves using the secreted enzyme, mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase to catalyze the random hydrolysis of (1->4)-beta-D-mannosidic linkages in mannans to form D-mannose residues. These D-mannose residues are then imported into the cell cytoplasm via a sugar transport protein (a sugar/hydrogen symporter). Once inside the cell, hexokinase catalyzes the conversion of D-mannose into D-mannose 6-phosphate. Next, phosphomannomutase catalyzes the interconversion of D-mannose 6-phosphate and D-mannose 1-phosphate. However, D-mannose 1-phosphate can also be synthesized from ADP-mannose in the chloroplast via nudix hydrolase 14 and a magnesium or manganese ion cofactor. D-mannose 1-phosphate is then transported into the cytosol by a predicted D-mannose 1-phosphate transporter. Next, mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase uses GTP to catalyze the conversion of D-mannose 1-phosphate into GDP-mannose. This is followed by GDP-mannose 4,6 dehydratase catalyzing the conversion of GDP-mannose into GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose. It requires NADP as a cofactor. Last, GDP-L-fucose synthase catalyzes the conversion of GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose into GDP-L-fucose.
References
Mannose Metabolism References
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Pubmed: 12690200
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Pubmed: 7610198
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Pubmed: 11130712
Qian W, Yu C, Qin H, Liu X, Zhang A, Johansen IE, Wang D: Molecular and functional analysis of phosphomannomutase (PMM) from higher plants and genetic evidence for the involvement of PMM in ascorbic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana. Plant J. 2007 Feb;49(3):399-413. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02967.x. Epub 2007 Jan 1.
Pubmed: 17217471
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Pubmed: 10617197
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Pubmed: 16774931
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Pubmed: 10718197
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Pubmed: 10758496
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