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Pathway Description
D-Alanine Metabolism
Escherichia coli
Metabolic Pathway
L-Alanine is an essential component of both proteins and Peptidoglycan. Peptidoglycan also contain about three molecules of D-alanine for every L-alanine, comprising of only about 10% of the total alanine synthesized flowing into peptidoglycan. (More info can be found at L-alanine metabolism pathway: PW000788 or SMP0000810) In this pathway, D-amino acid dehydrogenase degrades D-alanine to form pyruvate, pyruvate then serving as a source of carbon for central metabolism. D-alanine can be formed by either biosynthetic alanine racemase or catabolic alanine racemase. D-alanine is required for forming cell wall peptidoglycan (murein). D-alanine is metabolized by ATP driven D-alanine ligase A and B resulting in D-alanyl-D-alanine. This product is incorporated into peptidoglycan biosynthesis.
References
D-Alanine Metabolism References
Franklin FC, Venables WA: Biochemical, genetic, and regulatory studies of alanine catabolism in Escherichia coli K12. Mol Gen Genet. 1976 Dec 8;149(2):229-37.
Pubmed: 13292
Kaczorowski G, Shaw L, F-entes M, Walsh C: Coupling of alanine racemase and D-alanine dehydrogenase to active transport of amino acids in Escherichia coli B membrane vesicles. J Biol Chem. 1975 Apr 25;250(8):2855-65.
Pubmed: 1091641
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