1806
Pathway
L-Carnitine Degradation I
L-Carnitine can stimulate anaerobic growth of E.coli when exogenous electron acceptors (i.e. nitrate, etc.) are absent. During anaerobic growth, E.coli can reduce L-carnitine to γ-butyrobetaine by CoA-linked intermediates when carbon and nitrogen are present in the system. Therefore, L-carnitine may act as external electron acceptor for anaerobic growth as well as generation of an osmoprotectant for cell.
Metabolic
PW002037
Center
PathwayVisualizationContext2324
1338
1949
#000099
PathwayVisualization1790
1806
L-Carnitine Degradation I
L-Carnitine can stimulate anaerobic growth of E.coli when exogenous electron acceptors (i.e. nitrate, etc.) are absent. During anaerobic growth, E.coli can reduce L-carnitine to γ-butyrobetaine by CoA-linked intermediates when carbon and nitrogen are present in the system. Therefore, L-carnitine may act as external electron acceptor for anaerobic growth as well as generation of an osmoprotectant for cell.
Metabolic
3
3775
7815937
Eichler K, Bourgis F, Buchet A, Kleber HP, Mandrand-Berthelot MA: Molecular characterization of the cai operon necessary for carnitine metabolism in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol. 1994 Sep;13(5):775-86.
1806
Pathway
1
Cell
CL:0000000
5
Hepatocyte
CL:0000182
2
Platelet
CL:0000233
3
Neuron
CL:0000540
4
Cardiomyocyte
CL:0000746
8
Beta cell
CL:0000639
7
Epithelial Cell
CL:0000066
1
Homo sapiens
9606
Eukaryote
Human
3
Escherichia coli
562
Prokaryote
18
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4932
Eukaryote
Yeast
12
Mus musculus
10090
Eukaryote
Mouse
17
Rattus norvegicus
10116
Eukaryote
Rat
5
Bos taurus
9913
Eukaryote
Cattle
10
Drosophila melanogaster
7227
Eukaryote
Fruit fly
6
Caenorhabditis elegans
6239
Eukaryote
Roundworm
2
Bacteria
2
Prokaryote
Bacteria
24
Solanum lycopersicum
4081
Eukaryote
Tomato
21
Xenopus laevis
8355
Eukaryote
African clawed frog
4
Arabidopsis thaliana
3702
Eukaryote
Thale cress
23
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
287
Prokaryote
60
Nitzschia sp.
0001
Eukaryote
Nitzschia4
19
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
4896
Eukaryote
25
Escherichia coli (strain K12)
83333
Prokaryote
49
Bathymodiolus platifrons
220390
Eukaryote
Deep sea mussel
5
Cytoplasm
GO:0005737
14
Mitochondrial Outer Membrane
GO:0005741
12
Mitochondrial Inner Membrane
GO:0005743
4
Peroxisome
GO:0005777
2
Mitochondrion
GO:0005739
1
Cytosol
GO:0005829
3
Mitochondrial Matrix
GO:0005759
27
Peroxisome Membrane
GO:0005778
8
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
GO:0005790
13
Endoplasmic Reticulum
GO:0005783
7
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane
GO:0005789
10
Cell Membrane
GO:0005886
15
Nucleus
GO:0005634
31
Periplasmic Space
GO:0005620
11
Extracellular Space
GO:0005615
35
Chloroplast
GO:0009507
32
Inner Membrane
GO:0070258
6
Lysosome
GO:0005764
16
Lysosomal Lumen
GO:0043202
18
Melanosome Membrane
GO:0033162
25
Golgi Apparatus
GO:0005794
20
Endoplasmic Reticulum Lumen
GO:0005788
21
Synapse
GO:0045202
36
Membrane
GO:0016020
53
Endoplasmic Reticulum Body
GO:0010168
34
Plant-Type Vacuole
GO:0000325
40
Periplasm
GO:0042597
1
Liver
BTO:0000759
72
9
2
Endothelium
BTO:0000393
7
Nervous System
BTO:0001484
18
Pancreas
BTO:0000988
25
Intestine
BTO:0000648
8
Blood Vessel
BTO:0001102
74
11
4
Adrenal Medulla
BTO:0000049
71
8
28
Stomach
BTO:0001307
155
26
11
Heart
BTO:0000562
73
10
6
Kidney
BTO:0000671
71
8
31
1
5
1
1
PW_BS000031
22
14
1
1
PW_BS000022
17
12
1
1
PW_BS000017
5
4
1
1
PW_BS000005
3
2
1
1
PW_BS000003
2
1
1
1
PW_BS000002
8
5
1
1
PW_BS000008
4
3
1
1
PW_BS000004
102
12
3
1
PW_BS000102
104
14
3
1
PW_BS000104
162
12
18
1
PW_BS000162
199
14
18
1
PW_BS000024
134
12
12
1
PW_BS000134
329
14
12
1
PW_BS000028
334
4
12
1
PW_BS000028
112
2
12
1
PW_BS000112
132
1
12
1
PW_BS000132
129
1
5
12
1
PW_BS000129
111
5
12
1
PW_BS000111
133
3
12
1
PW_BS000133
333
1
2
12
PW_BS000028
374
4
17
1
PW_BS000053
119
2
17
1
PW_BS000119
118
1
17
1
PW_BS000118
384
12
5
1
PW_BS000100
382
14
5
1
PW_BS000100
414
1
5
5
1
PW_BS000115
408
4
5
1
PW_BS000115
407
2
5
1
PW_BS000115
124
1
5
1
PW_BS000124
122
5
5
1
PW_BS000122
406
3
5
1
PW_BS000115
121
12
17
1
PW_BS000121
399
14
17
1
PW_BS000113
450
1
5
17
1
PW_BS000115
135
5
17
1
PW_BS000135
120
3
17
1
PW_BS000120
480
12
10
1
PW_BS000115
484
14
10
1
PW_BS000115
482
4
10
1
PW_BS000115
481
2
10
1
PW_BS000115
299
1
10
1
PW_BS000024
297
5
10
1
PW_BS000024
479
3
10
1
PW_BS000115
391
12
6
1
PW_BS000112
389
14
6
1
PW_BS000112
502
4
6
1
PW_BS000115
206
2
6
1
PW_BS000024
388
1
6
1
PW_BS000112
205
5
6
1
PW_BS000024
501
3
6
1
PW_BS000115
186
12
2
1
PW_BS000024
891
14
2
1
PW_BS000552
59
27
1
1
PW_BS000059
29
1
1
1
PW_BS000029
11
1
8
1
1
PW_BS000011
18
13
1
1
PW_BS000018
10
1
7
1
1
PW_BS000010
58
1
14
1
1
PW_BS000058
14
10
1
PW_BS000014
54
1
3
1
5
PW_BS000054
6
1
3
1
PW_BS000006
103
3
3
1
PW_BS000103
108
1
3
PW_BS000108
101
5
3
1
PW_BS000101
155
3
24
1
PW_BS000155
161
3
18
1
PW_BS000161
1
1
PW_BS000001
178
3
21
1
PW_BS000178
160
1
18
1
PW_BS000160
188
1
18
PW_BS000024
163
2
18
1
PW_BS000163
198
5
18
1
PW_BS000024
210
13
18
1
PW_BS000024
222
3
4
1
PW_BS000024
151
1
4
1
PW_BS000151
226
4
4
1
PW_BS000024
224
2
4
1
PW_BS000024
170
18
PW_BS000170
195
13
18
PW_BS000024
249
13
4
1
PW_BS000024
49
7
1
1
PW_BS000049
315
1
23
PW_BS000024
293
4
1
PW_BS000024
336
1
12
1
PW_BS000028
115
10
12
PW_BS000115
332
1
7
12
1
PW_BS000028
350
1
14
12
1
PW_BS000028
335
27
12
1
PW_BS000028
130
13
12
1
PW_BS000130
331
7
12
1
PW_BS000028
368
3
60
1
PW_BS000028
376
10
17
PW_BS000053
383
7
5
1
PW_BS000100
288
14
4
1
PW_BS000024
390
7
6
1
PW_BS000112
398
7
17
1
PW_BS000113
405
10
5
PW_BS000115
117
1
3
1
PW_BS000117
123
1
7
5
1
PW_BS000123
433
1
14
5
1
PW_BS000115
125
13
5
1
PW_BS000125
429
1
5
1
PW_BS000115
422
27
5
1
PW_BS000115
447
1
7
17
1
PW_BS000115
468
1
14
17
1
PW_BS000115
136
13
17
1
PW_BS000136
464
1
17
1
PW_BS000115
375
27
17
1
PW_BS000053
478
10
10
PW_BS000115
491
27
10
1
PW_BS000115
300
13
10
1
PW_BS000024
209
10
6
PW_BS000024
508
27
6
1
PW_BS000115
395
13
6
1
PW_BS000113
185
3
2
1
PW_BS000024
16
2
1
2
PW_BS000016
13
1
2
1
PW_BS000013
32
1
15
1
5
PW_BS000032
39
7
1
1
3
PW_BS000039
27
15
1
PW_BS000027
46
1
1
4
PW_BS000046
66
18
5
1
8
PW_BS000066
72
5
1
3
PW_BS000072
61
25
1
7
PW_BS000061
51
8
1
PW_BS000051
23
15
1
1
PW_BS000023
91
8
5
1
1
PW_BS000091
89
2
PW_BS000089
26
1
1
1
5
PW_BS000026
7
1
1
PW_BS000007
97
1
5
2
1
PW_BS000097
100
5
2
1
PW_BS000100
143
1
5
19
1
PW_BS000143
146
5
19
1
PW_BS000146
107
31
3
PW_BS000107
147
1
24
1
PW_BS000147
166
1
1
PW_BS000166
213
7
18
1
PW_BS000024
211
10
18
PW_BS000024
216
4
18
1
PW_BS000024
217
15
18
PW_BS000024
218
15
18
1
PW_BS000024
190
11
18
PW_BS000024
225
35
4
1
PW_BS000024
277
1
2
18
PW_BS000024
281
1
25
1
PW_BS000024
164
4
PW_BS000164
285
10
4
1
PW_BS000024
290
5
49
1
PW_BS000024
223
12
4
1
PW_BS000024
308
10
1
1
PW_BS000024
322
1
23
1
PW_BS000024
318
31
23
PW_BS000024
253
5
4
1
PW_BS000024
128
15
12
1
PW_BS000128
351
15
12
PW_BS000028
353
25
12
7
PW_BS000028
184
1
2
1
PW_BS000024
94
3
PW_BS000094
109
32
3
PW_BS000109
412
1
2
5
PW_BS000115
410
15
5
1
PW_BS000115
435
15
5
PW_BS000115
446
1
2
17
PW_BS000115
444
15
17
1
PW_BS000115
472
25
17
7
PW_BS000115
470
15
17
PW_BS000115
485
15
10
1
PW_BS000115
495
7
10
1
PW_BS000115
499
15
10
PW_BS000115
516
15
6
1
PW_BS000115
517
15
6
PW_BS000115
9
6
1
1
PW_BS000009
15
11
1
PW_BS000015
28
1
16
1
1
PW_BS000028
20
4
1
1
1
PW_BS000020
33
18
1
1
PW_BS000033
43
25
1
1
PW_BS000043
24
4
10
1
1
PW_BS000024
60
25
1
PW_BS000060
70
28
5
1
1
PW_BS000070
36
1
20
1
1
PW_BS000036
37
7
21
1
3
PW_BS000037
93
25
20
1
1
PW_BS000093
105
11
3
PW_BS000105
113
6
12
1
PW_BS000113
110
2
3
1
PW_BS000110
126
6
5
1
PW_BS000126
127
1
16
5
1
PW_BS000127
114
11
12
PW_BS000114
140
10
3
PW_BS000140
95
1
7
2
1
PW_BS000095
157
2
24
1
PW_BS000157
159
24
PW_BS000159
180
2
21
1
PW_BS000180
152
8
4
PW_BS000152
207
6
6
1
PW_BS000024
214
25
18
1
PW_BS000024
215
6
18
1
PW_BS000024
212
1
7
18
1
PW_BS000024
286
36
4
1
PW_BS000024
287
53
4
1
PW_BS000024
227
34
4
1
PW_BS000024
65
11
1
PW_BS000065
291
6
49
1
PW_BS000024
292
4
49
1
PW_BS000024
298
1
7
10
1
PW_BS000024
301
6
10
1
PW_BS000024
302
1
16
10
1
PW_BS000024
294
11
4
1
PW_BS000024
337
1
16
12
1
PW_BS000028
341
4
1
12
1
PW_BS000028
343
18
12
1
PW_BS000028
347
1
3
12
5
PW_BS000028
352
25
12
PW_BS000028
356
25
12
1
PW_BS000028
360
4
10
12
1
PW_BS000028
370
2
60
1
PW_BS000028
228
36
1
PW_BS000024
232
40
3
PW_BS000024
409
11
5
PW_BS000115
415
18
5
1
PW_BS000115
425
1
3
5
5
PW_BS000115
419
25
5
1
PW_BS000115
434
4
10
5
1
PW_BS000115
436
25
5
PW_BS000115
443
6
17
1
PW_BS000115
137
11
17
PW_BS000137
448
1
16
17
1
PW_BS000115
451
18
17
1
PW_BS000115
460
1
3
17
5
PW_BS000115
455
25
17
1
PW_BS000115
469
4
10
17
1
PW_BS000115
471
25
17
PW_BS000115
483
11
10
PW_BS000115
487
18
10
1
PW_BS000115
490
25
10
1
PW_BS000115
208
11
6
PW_BS000024
504
18
6
1
PW_BS000115
507
25
6
1
PW_BS000115
515
4
10
6
1
PW_BS000115
513
1
7
6
1
PW_BS000115
790
6
11
1
PW_BS000524
834
6
1
1
1
PW_BS000549
44
L-Carnitine
HMDB0000062
Carnitine is not an essential amino acid; it can be synthesized in the body. However, it is so important in providing energy to muscles (including the heart) that some researchers are now recommending carnitine supplements in the diet, particularly for people who do not consume much red meat (the main food source for carnitine). Carnitine has been described as a vitamin, an amino acid, or a metabimin (i.e. an essential metabolite). Like the B vitamins, carnitine contains nitrogen and is very soluble in water, and to some researchers carnitine is a vitamin (Liebovitz 1984). It was found that an animal (yellow mealworm) could not grow without carnitine in its diet. However, as it turned out, almost all other animals, including humans, do make their own carnitine; thus, it is no longer considered a vitamin. Nevertheless, in certain circumstances, such as deficiencies of methionine, lysine, or vitamin C or kidney dialysis, carnitine shortages develop. Under these conditions, carnitine must be absorbed from food, and for this reason it is sometimes referred to as a "metabimin" or a conditionally essential metabolite. Like the other amino acids used or manufactured by the body, carnitine is an amine. But like choline, which is sometimes considered to be a B vitamin, carnitine is also an alcohol (specifically, a trimethylated carboxy-alcohol). Thus, carnitine is an unusual amino acid and has different functions than most other amino acids, which are usually employed by the body in the construction of protein. Carnitine is an essential factor in fatty acid metabolism in mammals. Its most important known metabolic function is to transport fat into the mitochondria of muscle cells, including those in the heart, for oxidation. This is how the heart gets most of its energy. In humans, about 25% of carnitine is synthesized in the liver, kidney, and brain from the amino acids lysine and methionine. Most of the carnitine in the body comes from dietary sources such as red meat and dairy products. Inborn errors of carnitine metabolism can lead to brain deterioration like that of Reye's syndrome, gradually worsening muscle weakness, Duchenne-like muscular dystrophy, and extreme muscle weakness with fat accumulation in muscles. Borum et al. (1979) describe carnitine as an essential nutrient for pre-term babies and individuals who are unable to eat a normal diet (e.g. non-ketotic hypoglycemics, kidney dialysis patients) (PMID: 115309). In conditions such as kwashiorkor, cirrhosis, and heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy) as well as in inborn errors of metabolism such as type IV hyperlipidemia and propionic or organic aciduria (acid urine resulting from genetic or other anomalies), carnitine is essential to life and carnitine supplements are valuable. Carnitine therapy may also be useful in a wide variety of clinical conditions. Carnitine supplementation has improved some patients who have angina secondary to coronary artery disease. It may also be worth a trial for patients with any form of hyperlipidemia or muscle weakness. Carnitine supplements may also be useful in many forms of toxic or metabolic liver disease and in cases of heart muscle disease. Hearts undergoing severe arrhythmia quickly deplete their stores of carnitine. Athletes, particularly in Europe, have used carnitine supplements for improved endurance. Carnitine may improve muscle building by improving fat utilization and may even be useful in treating obesity. Carnitine joins a long list of nutrients which may be of value in treating pregnant women, hypothyroid individuals, and male infertility due to the low motility of sperm. Carnitine deficiency is noted in abnormal liver function, renal dialysis patients, and severe to moderate muscular weakness with associated anorexia (http://www.dcnutrition.com). Carnitine is a biomarker for the consumption of meat.
541-15-1
C00318
10917
16347
CARNITINE
10455
DB00583
C[N+](C)(C)C[C@H](O)CC([O-])=O
C7H15NO3
InChI=1S/C7H15NO3/c1-8(2,3)5-6(9)4-7(10)11/h6,9H,4-5H2,1-3H3/t6-/m1/s1
PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N
161.1989
161.105193351
FDB000572
(-)-(r)-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butyrate;(-)-carnitine;(r)-(3-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide;(r)-carnitine;(s)-carnitine;1-carnitine;3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethyl-1-propanaminium;3-hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoate;3-hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutanoic acid;Bicarnesine;Carniking;Carniking 50;Carnilean;Carnipass;Carnipass 20;Carnitene;Carnitine;Carnitor;D-carnitine;Dl-carnitine;Karnitin;L-(-)-carnitine;L-carnitine;L-gamma-trimethyl-beta-hydroxybutyrobetaine;Levocarnitina;Levocarnitine;Levocarnitinum;R-(-)-3-hydroxy-4-trimethylaminobutyrate;Vitamin bt;Delta-carnitine;Gamma-trimethyl-ammonium-beta-hydroxybutirate;Gamma-trimethyl-beta-hydroxybutyrobetaine;Gamma-trimethyl-hydroxybutyrobetaine;(-)-l-carnitine;3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethyl-1-propanaminium hydroxide, inner salt;Carnicor
PW_C000044
L-Carnt
675
31
885
22
891
17
2457
5
2519
3
2675
2
2885
8
2887
4
5230
102
5245
104
6959
162
6971
199
77220
134
77228
329
77558
334
77561
112
77567
132
77748
129
78339
111
78345
133
79258
333
80630
374
80633
119
80639
118
120229
384
120241
382
120554
414
122412
408
122421
407
122522
124
122617
122
122621
406
122902
121
122915
399
123188
450
125191
135
125195
120
125577
480
125590
484
126558
482
126569
481
126675
299
126769
297
126773
479
127107
391
127119
389
128131
502
128142
206
128255
388
128364
205
128368
501
140749
186
140765
891
1099
Coenzyme A
HMDB0001423
Coenzyme A (CoA, CoASH, or HSCoA) is a coenzyme notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidization of fatty acids and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. It is adapted from beta-mercaptoethylamine, panthothenate, and adenosine triphosphate. It is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, phenylglyoxylyl-CoA, tetracosanoyl-CoA, and 6-hydroxyhex-3-enoyl-CoA. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process from pantothenate and cysteine. In the first step pantothenate (vitamin B5) is phosphorylated to 4'-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme pantothenate kinase (PanK, CoaA, CoaX). In the second step, a cysteine is added to 4'-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase (PPC-DC, CoaB) to form 4'-phospho-N-pantothenoylcysteine (PPC). In the third step, PPC is decarboxylated to 4'-phosphopantetheine by phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase (CoaC). In the fourth step, 4'-phosphopantetheine is adenylylated to form dephospho-CoA by the enzyme phosphopantetheine adenylyl transferase (CoaD). Finally, dephospho-CoA is phosphorylated using ATP to coenzyme A by the enzyme dephosphocoenzyme A kinase (CoaE). Since coenzyme A is, in chemical terms, a thiol, it can react with carboxylic acids to form thioesters, thus functioning as an acyl group carrier. CoA assists in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria. A molecule of coenzyme A carrying an acetyl group is also referred to as acetyl-CoA. When it is not attached to an acyl group, it is usually referred to as 'CoASH' or 'HSCoA'. Coenzyme A is also the source of the phosphopantetheine group that is added as a prosthetic group to proteins such as acyl carrier proteins and formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase. Acetyl-CoA is an important molecule itself. It is the precursor to HMG CoA which is a vital component in cholesterol and ketone synthesis. Furthermore, it contributes an acetyl group to choline to produce acetylcholine in a reaction catalysed by choline acetyltransferase. Its main task is conveying the carbon atoms within the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle to be oxidized for energy production (Wikipedia).
85-61-0
C00010
6816
1146900
CO-A
6557
CC(C)(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCS
C21H36N7O16P3S
InChI=1S/C21H36N7O16P3S/c1-21(2,16(31)19(32)24-4-3-12(29)23-5-6-48)8-41-47(38,39)44-46(36,37)40-7-11-15(43-45(33,34)35)14(30)20(42-11)28-10-27-13-17(22)25-9-26-18(13)28/h9-11,14-16,20,30-31,48H,3-8H2,1-2H3,(H,23,29)(H,24,32)(H,36,37)(H,38,39)(H2,22,25,26)(H2,33,34,35)/t11-,14-,15-,16+,20-/m1/s1
RGJOEKWQDUBAIZ-IBOSZNHHSA-N
767.534
767.115208365
FDB022614
Acetoacetyl coenzyme a sodium salt;Coa;Coa hydrate;Coa-sh;Coash;Coenzyme a;Coenzyme a hydrate;Coenzyme a-sh;Coenzyme ash;Coenzymes a;Depot-zeel;Propionyl coa;Propionyl coenzyme a;S-propanoate;S-propanoate coa;S-propanoate coenzyme a;S-propanoic acid;S-propionate coa;S-propionate coenzyme a;Zeel;[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methyl 3-hydroxy-4-({3-oxo-3-[(2-sulfanylethyl)amino]propyl}amino)-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxobutyl dihydrogen diphosphate
PW_C001099
CoA
211
4
386
8
845
3
879
22
892
17
2407
59
2414
2
2459
5
2813
29
2862
31
3342
11
3351
18
4618
10
4629
58
4842
14
4865
54
4879
6
5232
102
5247
104
5280
103
5477
124
5734
108
5777
101
6023
155
6075
161
6384
1
6468
178
6930
160
6961
162
6973
199
7083
188
7108
163
7293
198
7347
210
7458
222
8229
151
9081
226
9090
224
9124
170
9215
195
13013
299
15318
249
25488
49
42616
315
76907
293
77119
133
77222
134
77230
329
77292
111
77550
132
77555
334
77563
112
77633
336
77672
129
77996
115
78047
332
78056
350
78413
335
78567
130
79259
333
79974
331
80005
368
80620
118
80627
374
80635
119
80665
376
93828
382
93834
383
98674
288
110555
389
110561
390
115842
399
115847
398
119951
406
120147
405
120231
384
120305
122
120634
407
120762
117
121406
123
121421
433
121521
125
121666
429
121682
408
121714
414
122404
422
122741
120
122904
121
122960
135
123965
447
123979
468
124079
136
124220
464
124265
450
124974
375
125341
479
125509
478
125579
480
125592
484
125634
297
126084
481
126549
491
126560
482
126746
300
126884
501
127046
209
127109
391
127301
205
127540
206
127667
388
128121
508
128133
502
128340
395
140751
186
140763
185
140767
891
414
Adenosine triphosphate
HMDB0000538
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide consisting of a purine base (adenine) attached to the first carbon atom of ribose (a pentose sugar). Three phosphate groups are esterified at the fifth carbon atom of the ribose. ATP is incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the processes of DNA replication and transcription. ATP contributes to cellular energy charge and participates in overall energy balance, maintaining cellular homeostasis. ATP can act as an extracellular signaling molecule via interactions with specific purinergic receptors to mediate a wide variety of processes as diverse as neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and bone remodelling. Extracellular ATP and its metabolite adenosine have also been shown to exert a variety of effects on nearly every cell type in human skin, and ATP seems to play a direct role in triggering skin inflammatory, regenerative, and fibrotic responses to mechanical injury, an indirect role in melanocyte proliferation and apoptosis, and a complex role in Langerhans cell-directed adaptive immunity. During exercise, intracellular homeostasis depends on the matching of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply and ATP demand. Metabolites play a useful role in communicating the extent of ATP demand to the metabolic supply pathways. Effects as different as proliferation or differentiation, chemotaxis, release of cytokines or lysosomal constituents, and generation of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species are elicited upon stimulation of blood cells with extracellular ATP. The increased concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in erythrocytes from patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) has been observed in many studies but the mechanism leading to these abnormalities still is controversial. (PMID: 15490415, 15129319, 14707763, 14696970, 11157473).
56-65-5
C00002
5957
15422
ATP
5742
DB00171
NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
C10H16N5O13P3
InChI=1S/C10H16N5O13P3/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(26-10)1-25-30(21,22)28-31(23,24)27-29(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1
ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-N
507.181
506.995745159
FDB021813
5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) adenosine;5'-atp;Atp;Adenosine 5'-triphosphate;Adenosine 5'-triphosphorate;Adenosine 5'-triphosphoric acid;Adenosine triphosphate;Adenylpyrophosphorate;Adenylpyrophosphoric acid;Adephos;Adetol;Adynol;Atipi;Atriphos;Cardenosine;Fosfobion;Glucobasin;Myotriphos;Phosphobion;Striadyne;Triadenyl;Triphosphaden;Triphosphoric acid adenosine ester;Adenosine-5'-triphosphate;H4atp;Adenosine triphosphoric acid;Adenosine-5'-triphosphoric acid
PW_C000414
ATP
9
2
21
4
60
8
266
16
414
22
478
13
733
32
799
5
934
39
976
3
2105
18
2112
10
2146
49
2156
14
2160
58
2405
59
2434
27
2726
46
2812
29
3029
66
3163
72
3616
61
3617
51
4399
23
4474
31
4768
91
4864
54
5032
89
5035
26
5155
7
5205
97
5215
100
5250
104
5291
101
5313
111
5346
112
5390
103
5406
117
5430
118
5443
120
5542
129
5556
132
5569
133
5603
135
5621
108
5846
143
5854
146
5876
107
5897
147
5924
151
6048
155
6109
161
6230
166
6493
178
6839
188
6870
160
6976
199
7157
205
7184
206
7209
210
7225
213
7229
211
7298
198
7302
216
7390
217
7408
218
7432
163
7481
222
7499
190
8186
225
11847
277
11903
170
12010
281
12039
164
12178
285
12578
226
12691
290
13264
223
15327
308
42326
315
42621
322
42694
318
77028
253
77218
134
77233
329
77468
333
77632
336
78037
332
78041
350
78168
128
78214
351
78240
353
78411
335
78494
115
78850
130
78865
331
78919
334
80028
368
80046
184
80674
119
85629
1
94826
124
113234
94
113282
388
116280
109
119914
122
119992
406
120154
407
120245
382
120362
412
121246
429
121392
123
121397
433
121471
408
121974
410
122065
125
122079
383
122083
405
122402
422
122444
435
122919
399
123009
446
123816
464
123951
447
123956
468
124029
374
124527
444
124616
136
124630
398
124634
376
124943
472
124972
375
125011
470
125304
297
125371
479
125392
299
125515
481
125595
484
126123
485
126220
300
126234
495
126240
478
126547
491
126596
499
126913
501
127123
389
127731
516
127781
395
127796
390
127801
209
128119
508
128167
517
140770
891
41468
L-Carnitinyl-CoA
D-Carnitinyl-CoA belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 3-hydroxyacyl coas. These are organic compounds containing a 3-hydroxyl acylated coenzyme A derivative. D-Carnitinyl-CoA is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). D-Carnitinyl-CoA may be a unique E.coli metabolite.
605
CC(C)(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC1OC(C(O)C1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C(N)N=CN=C12)C(O)C(O)=NCCC(O)=NCCSC(=O)CC(O)C[N+](C)(C)C
C28H50N8O18P3S
InChI=1S/C28H49N8O18P3S/c1-28(2,23(41)26(42)31-7-6-18(38)30-8-9-58-19(39)10-16(37)11-36(3,4)5)13-51-57(48,49)54-56(46,47)50-12-17-22(53-55(43,44)45)21(40)27(52-17)35-15-34-20-24(29)32-14-33-25(20)35/h14-17,21-23,27,37,40-41H,6-13H2,1-5H3,(H7-,29,30,31,32,33,38,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49)/p+1
BBRISSLDTUHWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-O
911.726
911.217662062
D-carnitinyl-coa;L-carnityl-coa
PW_C041468
LCC
32
Adenosine monophosphate
HMDB0000045
Adenosine monophosphate, also known as 5'-adenylic acid and abbreviated AMP, is a nucleotide that is found in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosine. AMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. AMP can be produced during ATP synthesis by the enzyme adenylate kinase. AMP has recently been approved as a 'Bitter Blocker' additive to foodstuffs. When AMP is added to bitter foods or foods with a bitter aftertaste it makes them seem 'sweeter'. This potentially makes lower calorie food products more palatable.
61-19-8
C00020
6083
16027
AMP
5858
DB00131
NC1=C2N=CN([C@@H]3O[C@H](COP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)C2=NC=N1
C10H14N5O7P
InChI=1S/C10H14N5O7P/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(17)6(16)4(22-10)1-21-23(18,19)20/h2-4,6-7,10,16-17H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)(H2,18,19,20)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1
UDMBCSSLTHHNCD-KQYNXXCUSA-N
347.2212
347.063084339
DBMET00485
FDB021806
5'-amp;5'-adenosine monophosphate;5'-adenylate;5'-adenylic acid;Amp;Adenosine 5'-monophosphate;Adenosine 5'-phosphate;Adenosine 5'-phosphorate;Adenosine 5'-phosphoric acid;Adenosine phosphate;Adenosine-5'-monophosphorate;Adenosine-5'-monophosphoric acid;Adenosine-5-monophosphorate;Adenosine-5-monophosphoric acid;Adenosine-monophosphate;Adenosine-phosphate;Adenovite;Adenylate;Adenylic acid;Cardiomone;Lycedan;Muscle adenylate;Muscle adenylic acid;My-b-den;My-beta-den;Phosaden;Phosphaden;Phosphentaside;5'-o-phosphonoadenosine;Adenosine 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate);Adenosine monophosphate;Adenosine-5'p;Adenosini phosphas;Ado5'p;Fosfato de adenosina;Pa;Pado;Phosphate d'adenosine;5'-adenosine monophosphoric acid;Adenosine phosphoric acid;Adenosine 5'-(dihydrogen phosphoric acid);Adenosine 5'-monophosphoric acid;Adenosine monophosphoric acid;Adenosine-5'-monophosphate;Phosphoric acid d'adenosine
PW_C000032
AMP
11
2
34
4
62
8
270
16
734
32
881
22
1189
14
4572
5
4867
54
5033
89
5251
104
5408
117
5423
103
5432
118
5457
120
5558
132
5583
133
5779
101
5795
108
6977
199
7072
188
11789
198
11868
161
11988
151
12003
222
12580
226
12636
31
12694
290
13331
225
42266
3
42646
315
77234
329
77325
111
78392
334
78809
115
79320
112
80399
1
80684
135
80900
7
119916
122
120016
124
120031
406
120246
382
120888
405
121954
408
122920
399
123464
376
124507
374
125306
297
125394
299
125409
479
125596
484
126853
205
126934
388
126949
501
127124
389
127311
209
127711
502
140771
891
40813
diphosphate
Evans blue free acid, also known as NSC 8680, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 3,3'-disubstituted benzidines. These are organic compounds containing a benzidine skeleton, which is substituted only at the 3- and 3'-positions. Evans blue free acid is considered to be a practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral molecule.
3315
CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C1=CC(C)=C(C=C1)N=NC1=C(O)C2=C(C=C1)C(=CC(=C2N)S(O)(=O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O)N=NC1=C(O)C2=C(C=C1)C(=CC(=C2N)S(O)(=O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O
C34H28N6O14S4
InChI=1S/C34H28N6O14S4/c1-15-11-17(3-7-21(15)37-39-23-9-5-19-25(55(43,44)45)13-27(57(49,50)51)31(35)29(19)33(23)41)18-4-8-22(16(2)12-18)38-40-24-10-6-20-26(56(46,47)48)14-28(58(52,53)54)32(36)30(20)34(24)42/h3-14,41-42H,35-36H2,1-2H3,(H,43,44,45)(H,46,47,48)(H,49,50,51)(H,52,53,54)
COXVTLYNGOIATD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
872.87
872.054634302
Diphosphate;;Diphosphoric acid;Pyrophosphate;Pyrophosphoric acid;Ppi
PW_C040813
PP2
41446
Crotonoβinyl-CoA
(e)-4-(Trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA, also known as crotonobetainyl-coenzyme a, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 2-enoyl coas. These are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to a 2-enoyl chain. Thus, (e)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule (e)-4-(Trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa) (e)-4-(Trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-CoA may be a unique E.coli metabolite.
591
[H]\C(C[N+](C)(C)C)=C(\[H])C(=O)SCCN=C(O)CCN=C(O)[C@@](O)([H])C(C)(C)COP(=O)(O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@]1([H])O[C@@]([H])(N2C=NC3=C(N)N=CN=C23)[C@@](O)([H])[C@]1([H])OP(=O)(O)O
C28H48N8O17P3S
InChI=1S/C28H47N8O17P3S/c1-28(2,23(40)26(41)31-9-8-18(37)30-10-12-57-19(38)7-6-11-36(3,4)5)14-50-56(47,48)53-55(45,46)49-13-17-22(52-54(42,43)44)21(39)27(51-17)35-16-34-20-24(29)32-15-33-25(20)35/h6-7,15-17,21-23,27,39-40H,8-14H2,1-5H3,(H7-,29,30,31,32,33,37,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48)/p+1/b7-6+/t17-,21-,22-,23+,27-/m1/s1
WAUPBDVHJXXZGW-HXPULJKESA-O
893.71
893.207097376
(9r,20e)-1-(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-amino-9h-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)tetrahydro-2-furanyl-3,5,9-trihydroxy-n,n,n,8,8-pentamethyl-10,14,19-trioxo-2,4,6-trioxa-18-thia-11,15-diaza-3,5-diphosph;;Adocos-20-en-22-aminium 3,5-dioxide (non-preferred name);(e)-4-(trimethylammonio)but-2-enoyl-coenzyme a;(e)-4-2-3-(2r)-4-(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-ylmethoxy-hydroxyphosphoryloxy-hydroxyphosphoryloxy-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoylaminopropanoylaminoethylsulfanyl-4-oxobut-2-enyl-trimethylazanium;Crotonobetainyl-coa;Crotonobetainyl-coenzyme a
PW_C041446
CroByCA
1420
Water
HMDB0002111
Water is a chemical substance that is essential to all known forms of life. It appears colorless to the naked eye in small quantities, though it is actually slightly blue in color. It covers 71% of Earth's surface. Current estimates suggest that there are 1.4 billion cubic kilometers (330 million m3) of it available on Earth, and it exists in many forms. It appears mostly in the oceans (saltwater) and polar ice caps, but it is also present as clouds, rain water, rivers, freshwater aquifers, lakes, and sea ice. Water in these bodies perpetually moves through a cycle of evaporation, precipitation, and runoff to the sea. Clean water is essential to human life. In many parts of the world, it is in short supply. From a biological standpoint, water has many distinct properties that are critical for the proliferation of life that set it apart from other substances. It carries out this role by allowing organic compounds to react in ways that ultimately allow replication. All known forms of life depend on water. Water is vital both as a solvent in which many of the body's solutes dissolve and as an essential part of many metabolic processes within the body. Metabolism is the sum total of anabolism and catabolism. In anabolism, water is removed from molecules (through energy requiring enzymatic chemical reactions) in order to grow larger molecules (e.g. starches, triglycerides and proteins for storage of fuels and information). In catabolism, water is used to break bonds in order to generate smaller molecules (e.g. glucose, fatty acids and amino acids to be used for fuels for energy use or other purposes). Water is thus essential and central to these metabolic processes. Water is also central to photosynthesis and respiration. Photosynthetic cells use the sun's energy to split off water's hydrogen from oxygen. Hydrogen is combined with CO2 (absorbed from air or water) to form glucose and release oxygen. All living cells use such fuels and oxidize the hydrogen and carbon to capture the sun's energy and reform water and CO2 in the process (cellular respiration). Water is also central to acid-base neutrality and enzyme function. An acid, a hydrogen ion (H+, that is, a proton) donor, can be neutralized by a base, a proton acceptor such as hydroxide ion (OH-) to form water. Water is considered to be neutral, with a pH (the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration) of 7. Acids have pH values less than 7 while bases have values greater than 7. Stomach acid (HCl) is useful to digestion. However, its corrosive effect on the esophagus during reflux can temporarily be neutralized by ingestion of a base such as aluminum hydroxide to produce the neutral molecules water and the salt aluminum chloride. Human biochemistry that involves enzymes usually performs optimally around a biologically neutral pH of 7.4. (Wikipedia).
7732-18-5
C00001
962
15377
937
O
H2O
InChI=1S/H2O/h1H2
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
18.0153
18.010564686
FDB013390
Dihydrogen oxide;Steam;[oh2];Acqua;Agua;Aqua;Bound water;Dihydridooxygen;Eau;H2o;Hoh;Hydrogen hydroxide;Wasser
PW_C001420
H2O
55
8
94
9
109
5
139
4
151
3
162
14
481
13
526
15
624
28
652
10
691
20
770
33
823
18
838
2
1094
31
1377
49
1465
54
1590
43
2018
24
2532
22
2678
60
2727
46
2778
17
2805
29
3143
70
3164
72
3634
61
4598
36
4727
37
4941
93
5030
27
5156
7
5195
97
5214
100
5227
94
5236
103
5297
105
5319
111
5343
113
5355
112
5402
110
5470
123
5483
125
5492
126
5507
127
5534
130
5537
114
5541
129
5591
135
5608
118
5622
108
5691
6
5759
140
5778
101
5841
143
5853
146
5877
107
5890
95
5910
147
5940
151
6032
155
6059
157
6087
161
6123
163
6133
159
6215
1
6218
166
6477
178
6507
180
6600
152
6713
117
6840
188
6888
160
7162
205
7181
207
7193
206
7211
211
7228
213
7238
214
7243
215
7295
198
7350
216
7388
210
7401
212
7467
222
7492
224
7500
190
7588
170
8201
225
8237
226
8414
162
9265
26
11850
277
11922
164
12011
281
12213
285
12250
286
12264
287
12327
249
12520
227
12632
65
12693
290
12705
291
12715
292
13007
298
13019
300
13025
301
13037
302
13261
223
13327
294
15340
308
42327
315
42695
318
43691
322
76914
293
77019
253
77102
132
77131
133
77215
134
77378
331
77397
332
77471
333
77516
115
77536
334
77628
336
77722
337
77759
341
77816
343
77982
347
78071
329
78235
352
78242
353
78270
356
79113
360
80014
368
80039
370
80591
228
80656
119
93830
383
94794
384
110557
390
110639
391
115844
398
119879
232
119915
122
119963
406
120008
407
120046
408
120113
124
120365
412
120430
405
120438
409
120606
415
120794
414
121158
425
121240
429
121351
121
121381
419
121607
434
122118
382
122384
436
122753
120
122797
374
122804
443
123012
446
123064
376
123072
137
123131
447
123142
136
123162
448
123231
451
123384
450
123730
460
123810
464
123940
455
124165
469
124670
399
124938
471
124945
472
125305
297
125353
479
125386
481
125424
482
125480
299
125682
483
125707
478
125745
487
126054
490
126238
495
126273
484
126764
480
126896
501
126963
502
127017
388
127177
208
127199
209
127227
504
127506
507
127576
515
127836
389
128082
395
128176
513
140674
790
140675
834
140755
185
41457
γ-Butyroβinyl-CoA
Gamma-Butyrobetainyl-CoA, also known as G-butyrobetainyl-coa, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyl coas. These are organic compounds containing a coenzyme A substructure linked to an acyl chain. Gamma-Butyrobetainyl-CoA is slightly soluble (in water) and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa). Gamma-Butyrobetainyl-CoA may be a unique E.coli metabolite. Gamma-Butyrobetainyl-CoA participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, gamma-Butyrobetainyl-CoA can be biosynthesized from crotonobetainyl-CoA; which is mediated by the enzyme crotonobetainyl-CoA reductase. In addition, gamma-Butyrobetainyl-CoA and L-carnitine can be converted into L-carnitinyl-CoA and 3-dehydroxycarnitine; which is mediated by the enzyme γ-butyrobetainyl-coa:carnitine CoA transferase.
726
CC(C)(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC1OC(C(O)C1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C(N)N=CN=C12)C(O)C(O)=NCCC(O)=NCCSC(=O)CCC[N+](C)(C)C
C28H50N8O17P3S
InChI=1S/C28H49N8O17P3S/c1-28(2,23(40)26(41)31-9-8-18(37)30-10-12-57-19(38)7-6-11-36(3,4)5)14-50-56(47,48)53-55(45,46)49-13-17-22(52-54(42,43)44)21(39)27(51-17)35-16-34-20-24(29)32-15-33-25(20)35/h15-17,21-23,27,39-40H,6-14H2,1-5H3,(H7-,29,30,31,32,33,37,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48)/p+1
QAMRRBGWSPTAEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-O
895.726
895.22274744
γ-butyrobetaine-coa;Gamma-butyrobetaine-coa
PW_C041457
gBbCoA
2956
3-Dehydroxycarnitine
HMDB0006831
3-Dehydroxycarnitine is an acylcarnitine. Numerous disorders have been described that lead to disturbances in energy production and in intermediary metabolism in the organism which are characterized by the production and excretion of unusual acylcarnitines. A mutation in the gene coding for carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase or the OCTN2 transporter aetiologically causes a carnitine deficiency that results in poor intestinal absorption of dietary L-carnitine, its impaired reabsorption by the kidney and, consequently, in increased urinary loss of L-carnitine. Determination of the qualitative pattern of acylcarnitines can be of diagnostic and therapeutic importance. The betaine structure of carnitine requires special analytical procedures for recording. The ionic nature of L-carnitine causes a high water solubility which decreases with increasing chain length of the ester group in the acylcarnitines. Therefore, the distribution of L-carnitine and acylcarnitines in various organs is defined by their function and their physico-chemical properties as well. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) permits screening for free and total carnitine, as well as complete quantitative acylcarnitine determination, including the long-chain acylcarnitine profile. (PMID: 17508264, Monatshefte fuer Chemie (2005), 136(8), 1279-1291., Int J Mass Spectrom. 1999;188:39-52.).
407-64-7
C05543
725
16244
705
C[N+](C)(C)CCCC([O-])=O
C7H15NO2
InChI=1S/C7H15NO2/c1-8(2,3)6-4-5-7(9)10/h4-6H2,1-3H3
JHPNVNIEXXLNTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
145.1995
145.110278729
FDB024107
3-dehydroxycarnitine;4-(n-trimethylamino)butyrate;4-butyrobetaine;Actinine;Butyrobetaine;Deoxycarnitine;Gamma-butyrobetain;Gamma-butyrobetaine;4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoic acid;4-(n-trimethylamino)butyric acid;G-butyrobetain;γ-butyrobetain;G-butyrobetaine;γ-butyrobetaine
PW_C002956
3Dehyd
237
reduced electron acceptor
Compound
Compound
PW_EC000237
red-e
227
oxidized electron acceptor
Compound
Compound
PW_EC000227
ox-e
7257
Probable crotonobetaine/carnitine-CoA ligase
P31552
Involved in catalytic activity. Could catalyze the transfer of CoA to carnitine, generating the initial carnitinyl-CoA needed for the CaiB reaction cycle.
caiC
b0037
AP009048
3
6.2.1.-
137205
117
6506
Carnitinyl-CoA dehydratase
P31551
Involved in hydro-lyase activity. Catalyzes the reversible dehydration of L-carnitinyl-CoA to crotonobetainyl-CoA.
caiD
b0036
AP009048
3
4.2.1.149
137209
117
6662
Crotonobetainyl-CoA dehydrogenase
P60584
Involved in acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. Catalyzes the reduction of crotonobetainyl-CoA to gamma- butyrobetainyl-CoA.
caiA
b0039
AP009048
3
1.3.99.-
137201
117
6507
Crotonobetainyl-CoA:carnitine CoA-transferase
P31572
Involved in catalytic activity. Catalyzes the reversible transfer of the CoA moiety from gamma-butyrobetainyl-CoA to L-carnitine to generate L-carnitinyl- CoA and gamma-butyrobetaine. Is also able to catalyze the reversible transfer of the CoA moiety from gamma-butyrobetainyl- CoA or L-carnitinyl-CoA to crotonobetaine to generate crotonobetainyl-CoA.
caiB
b0038
AP009048
3
2.8.3.21
8854
101
137203
117
4007
carnitine-CoA ligase
25
PW_P004007
11002
7257
1
6704
117
4008
crotonobetainyl-CoA hydratase
3
PW_P004008
11003
6506
1
6705
117
4009
crotonobetainyl-CoA reductase
25
PW_P004009
11004
6662
1
6706
117
4010
γ-butyrobetainyl-CoA:carnitine CoA transferase
25
PW_P004010
11005
6507
2
6707
117
5950
false
PW_R005950
Right
24293
44
1
Compound
false
24294
1099
1
Compound
false
24295
414
1
Compound
false
24296
41468
1
Compound
false
24297
32
1
Compound
false
24298
40813
1
Compound
false
5913
4007
6.2.1.-
5951
false
PW_R005951
Right
24299
41468
1
Compound
false
24300
41446
1
Compound
false
24301
1420
1
Compound
false
5914
4008
4.2.1.149
5952
false
PW_R005952
Right
24302
41446
1
Compound
false
24303
237
1
ElementCollection
false
24304
41457
1
Compound
false
24305
227
1
ElementCollection
false
5915
4009
1.3.99.-
5953
false
PW_R005953
Right
24306
41457
1
Compound
false
24307
44
1
Compound
false
24308
41468
1
Compound
false
24309
2956
1
Compound
false
5916
4010
2.8.3.21
70145
44
3
false
326
351
10
regular
100
100
70146
1099
85
false
466
336
10
regular
50
30
70147
414
42
false
456
451
10
regular
50
30
70148
41468
3
false
874
346
10
regular
100
110
70149
32
44
false
759
331
10
regular
50
30
70150
40813
3
false
729
461
10
regular
100
100
70151
41446
3
false
1464
346
10
regular
100
110
70152
1420
49
false
1344
467
10
regular
78
78
70154
41457
3
false
1159
738
10
regular
100
120
70159
44
3
false
1039
863
10
regular
100
100
70160
2956
3
false
989
581
10
regular
100
110
1410
237
37
false
1559
601
12
regular
100
90
1411
227
37
false
1324
863
12
regular
100
90
32220
7257
2
false
539
366
8
subunit
regular
150
70
32221
6506
2
false
1134
366
8
subunit
regular
150
70
32223
6662
2
false
1439
763
8
subunit
regular
150
70
32226
6507
101
6
false
844
759
8
subunit
regular
160
80
27110
4007
1790
31902
32220
27111
4008
1790
31903
32221
27113
4009
1790
31905
32223
27116
4010
1790
31908
32226
99690
M426 401 C453 400 488 401 539 401
5
false
18
99691
M491 366 C491 396 511 400 539 401
5
false
18
99692
M481 451 C479 413 495 401 539 401
5
false
18
99693
M874 401 C838 402 762 401 689 401
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
99694
M784 361 C782 389 760 399 689 401
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
99695
M779 461 C779 431 756 401 689 401
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 13.26155629629604 L 11 12 L 17.380887721185843 25.575134323078345
false
99696
M974 401 C1017 400 1079 401 1134 401
5
false
18
99697
M1464 401 C1421 402 1351 401 1284 401
5
false
18
true
M 150.58649288419994 430.69398315575955 L 135.6396378400351 429.43242685946353 L 142.02052556122095 443.00756118254185
false
99698
M1383 467 C1383 437 1346 401 1284 401
5
false
18
true
M 150.58649288419994 430.69398315575955 L 135.6396378400351 429.43242685946353 L 142.02052556122095 443.00756118254185
false
99703
M1514 456 C1514 521 1514 723 1514 763
5
false
18
99704
M1259 798 C1319 798 1380 798 1439 798
5
false
18
true
M 150.58649288419994 791.0543388719791 L 135.6396378400351 789.7927825756831 L 142.02052556122095 803.3679168987615
false
99705
M1559 661 C1519 662 1514 728 1514 763
5
false
18
99706
M1374 863 C1373 838 1370 798 1439 798
5
false
18
true
M 150.58649288419994 791.0543388719791 L 135.6396378400351 789.7927825756831 L 142.02052556122095 803.3679168987615
false
99715
M1159 798 C1103 797 1054 800 1004 799
5
false
18
99716
M1089 863 C1089 833 1049 800 1004 799
5
false
18
99717
M924 456 C922 524 926 680 924 759
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 532.7960839420218 L 11 531.5345276457258 L 17.380887721185843 545.1096619688042
false
99718
M989 636 C957 636 924 643 924 759
5
false
18
true
M 25.946855044164835 532.7960839420218 L 11 531.5345276457258 L 17.380887721185843 545.1096619688042
false
20414
1790
5950
79337
70145
99690
Left
79338
70146
99691
Left
79339
70147
99692
Left
79340
70148
99693
Right
79341
70149
99694
Right
79342
70150
99695
Right
20593
5913
27110
20415
1790
5951
79343
70148
99696
Left
79344
70151
99697
Right
79345
70152
99698
Right
20594
5914
27111
20417
1790
5952
79348
70151
99703
Left
79349
70154
99704
Right
1607
1410
99705
Left
1608
1411
99706
Right
20596
5915
27113
20420
1790
5953
79358
70154
99715
Left
79359
70159
99716
Left
79360
70148
99717
Right
79361
70160
99718
Right
20599
5916
27116
186439
304
501
1.0
1.0
0
2
92
479
481
3496
M125 225 C125 175 175 125 225 125 C679 125 1270 125 1724 125 C1774 125 1824 175 1824 225 C1824 484 1824 821 1824 1080 C1824 1130 1774 1180 1724 1180 C1270 1180 679 1180 225 1180 C175 1180 125 1130 125 1080 C125 821 125 484 125 225
1
true
6
1699.0
1055.0
3497
M224.13512694983706 325.0600463985461 C224.13512694983706 275.0600463985461 274.13512694983706 225.0600463985461 324.13512694983706 225.0600463985461 C719.1351269498371 225.0600463985461 1231.135126949837 225.0600463985461 1626.135126949837 225.0600463985461 C1676.135126949837 225.0600463985461 1726.135126949837 275.0600463985461 1726.135126949837 325.0600463985461 C1726.135126949837 520.0600463985461 1726.135126949837 774.0600463985461 1726.135126949837 969.0600463985461 C1726.135126949837 1019.0600463985461 1676.135126949837 1069.060046398546 1626.135126949837 1069.060046398546 C1231.135126949837 1069.060046398546 719.1351269498371 1069.060046398546 324.13512694983706 1069.060046398546 C274.13512694983706 1069.060046398546 224.13512694983706 1019.0600463985461 224.13512694983706 969.0600463985461 C224.13512694983706 774.0600463985461 224.13512694983706 520.0600463985461 224.13512694983706 325.0600463985461
1
true
6
0.0
0.0