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Pathways

PathWhiz ID Pathway Meta Data

PW132110

Pw132110 View Pathway
physiological

Progesterone Pathway

Rattus norvegicus
Progesterone is an endogenous steroid hormone that is commonly produced by the adrenal cortex as well as the gonads, which consist of the ovaries and the testes. Progesterone is also secreted by the ovarian corpus luteum during the first ten weeks of pregnancy, followed by the placenta in the later phase of pregnancy. The conversion of progesterone generation from the corpus luteum to the placenta generally occurs after week ten. The molecule progesterone is a derivative of cholesterol and has numerous functions in the human body, especially within the reproductive system. Molecules of progesterone form from the process of steroidogenesis. Progesterone plays a vital role in the maintenance of the uterus during pregnancy. A progestogen (also called progestagen, gestagen, or gestogen) is a molecule, either natural or synthetic, that shows similar effects as progesterone, binds to the progesterone receptor and acts as an agonist. Progestins are synthetic progestogens. Progesterone utilizes intracellular receptors for their mode of action. Progesterone crosses the membrane of a target cell readily by passive diffusion through the plasma membrane due to its lipophilicity and then binds to and activate progesterone receptors. When unbound, the progesterone receptor exists as a monomer. After binding progesterone, the receptor undergoes a conformational change and becomes a dimer, which increases receptor binding to DNA. Most progestins exert their contraceptive effects by suppressing the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus and luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by the pituitary gland. This suppression alters the menstrual cycle to suppress ovulation. This progesterone and receptor complex then transports to the nucleus and binds to DNA, specifically near the promoter regions of genes that contain enhancers, containing hormone response elements. This binding of the complex to the promoter can either enhance or repress transcription, which ultimately alters the production of proteins.

PW132108

Pw132108 View Pathway
physiological

Progesterone Pathway

Homo sapiens
Progesterone is an endogenous steroid hormone that is commonly produced by the adrenal cortex as well as the gonads, which consist of the ovaries and the testes. Progesterone is also secreted by the ovarian corpus luteum during the first ten weeks of pregnancy, followed by the placenta in the later phase of pregnancy. The conversion of progesterone generation from the corpus luteum to the placenta generally occurs after week ten. The molecule progesterone is a derivative of cholesterol and has numerous functions in the human body, especially within the reproductive system. Molecules of progesterone form from the process of steroidogenesis. Progesterone plays a vital role in the maintenance of the uterus during pregnancy. A progestogen (also called progestagen, gestagen, or gestogen) is a molecule, either natural or synthetic, that shows similar effects as progesterone, binds to the progesterone receptor and acts as an agonist. Progestins are synthetic progestogens. Progesterone utilizes intracellular receptors for their mode of action. Progesterone crosses the membrane of a target cell readily by passive diffusion through the plasma membrane due to its lipophilicity and then binds to and activate progesterone receptors. When unbound, the progesterone receptor exists as a monomer. After binding progesterone, the receptor undergoes a conformational change and becomes a dimer, which increases receptor binding to DNA. Most progestins exert their contraceptive effects by suppressing the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus and luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by the pituitary gland. This suppression alters the menstrual cycle to suppress ovulation. This progesterone and receptor complex then transports to the nucleus and binds to DNA, specifically near the promoter regions of genes that contain enhancers, containing hormone response elements. This binding of the complex to the promoter can either enhance or repress transcription, which ultimately alters the production of proteins.

PW132109

Pw132109 View Pathway
physiological

Progesterone Pathway

Mus musculus
Progesterone is an endogenous steroid hormone that is commonly produced by the adrenal cortex as well as the gonads, which consist of the ovaries and the testes. Progesterone is also secreted by the ovarian corpus luteum during the first ten weeks of pregnancy, followed by the placenta in the later phase of pregnancy. The conversion of progesterone generation from the corpus luteum to the placenta generally occurs after week ten. The molecule progesterone is a derivative of cholesterol and has numerous functions in the human body, especially within the reproductive system. Molecules of progesterone form from the process of steroidogenesis. Progesterone plays a vital role in the maintenance of the uterus during pregnancy. A progestogen (also called progestagen, gestagen, or gestogen) is a molecule, either natural or synthetic, that shows similar effects as progesterone, binds to the progesterone receptor and acts as an agonist. Progestins are synthetic progestogens. Progesterone utilizes intracellular receptors for their mode of action. Progesterone crosses the membrane of a target cell readily by passive diffusion through the plasma membrane due to its lipophilicity and then binds to and activate progesterone receptors. When unbound, the progesterone receptor exists as a monomer. After binding progesterone, the receptor undergoes a conformational change and becomes a dimer, which increases receptor binding to DNA. Most progestins exert their contraceptive effects by suppressing the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus and luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by the pituitary gland. This suppression alters the menstrual cycle to suppress ovulation. This progesterone and receptor complex then transports to the nucleus and binds to DNA, specifically near the promoter regions of genes that contain enhancers, containing hormone response elements. This binding of the complex to the promoter can either enhance or repress transcription, which ultimately alters the production of proteins.

PW126898

Pw126898 View Pathway
metabolic

(-)-camphor biosynthesis

Tanacetum vulgare
(-)-camphor biosynthesis occurs in the species Tanactum vulgare, or the tansy.

PW147109

Pw147109 View Pathway
metabolic

1,1-Dimethylbiguanide Drug Metabolism Pathway

Homo sapiens
Gadoversetamide is a drug that is not metabolized by the human body as determined by current research and biotransformer analysis. Gadoversetamide passes through the liver and is then excreted from the body mainly through the kidney.

PW132374

Pw132374 View Pathway
metabolic

1,2-Benzodiazepine Drug Metabolism

Homo sapiens
1,2-Benzodiazepine is a drug that is not metabolized by the human body as determined by current research and biotransformer analysis. 1,2-Benzodiazepine passes through the liver and is then excreted from the body mainly through the kidney.

PW146541

Pw146541 View Pathway
drug action

1,2-Benzodiazepine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Homo sapiens

PW146752

Pw146752 View Pathway
drug action

1,2-Distearoyllecithin Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Homo sapiens

PW146751

Pw146751 View Pathway
drug action

1,2-icosapentoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Homo sapiens

PW002064

Pw002064 View Pathway
metabolic

1,6-Anhydro-N-acetylmuramic Acid Recycling

Escherichia coli
Most bacteria, including Escherichia coli, are composed of murein which protects and stabilizes the cell wall. Over half of the murein is broken down by Escherichia coli and recycled for the next generation. The main muropeptide is GlcNAc-anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid (anhMurNAc)-l-Ala-γ-d-Glu-meso-Dap-d-Ala which enters the cytoplasm by AmpG protein. The peptide is then released from the muropeptide. 1,6-Anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid (anhMurNAc) is recycled by its conversion to N-acetylglucosamine-phosphate (GlcNAc-P). The sugar is phosphorylated by anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid kinase (AnmK) to produce MurNAc-P. Etherase cleaves MurNAc-P to produce N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate. The product can undergo further degradation or be recycled into peptidoglycan monomers. The pathway's final product is a peptidoglycan biosynthesis precursor, UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate. The enzyme muropeptide ligase (mpl), attaches the recovered Ala-Glu-DAP tripeptide to the precursor UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-muramate to return to the peptide to the peptidoglycan biosynthetic pathway to synthesize the cell wall.