P02730
View in UniProt
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Band 3 anion transport protein
Gene Name: SLC4A1
Functions both as a transporter that mediates electroneutral anion exchange across the cell membrane and as a structural protein. Major integral membrane glycoprotein of the erythrocyte membrane; required for normal flexibility and stability of the erythrocyte membrane and for normal erythrocyte shape via the interactions of its cytoplasmic domain with cytoskeletal proteins, glycolytic enzymes, and hemoglobin. Functions as a transporter that mediates the 1:1 exchange of inorganic anions across the erythrocyte membrane. Mediates chloride-bicarbonate exchange in the kidney, and is required for normal acidification of the urine.
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Metabolic
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P11362
View in UniProt
HMDBP01450
View in HMDB
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Basic fibroblast growth factor receptor 1
Gene Name: FGFR1
Receptor for basic fibroblast growth factor. Receptor for FGF23 in the presence of KL. A shorter form of the receptor could be a receptor for FGF1 (aFGF)
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Metabolic
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Q07817
View in UniProt
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Bcl-2-like protein 1
Gene Name: BCL2L1
Potent inhibitor of cell death. Inhibits activation of caspases. Appears to regulate cell death by blocking the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) by binding to it and preventing the release of the caspase activator, CYC1, from the mitochondrial membrane. Also acts as a regulator of G2 checkpoint and progression to cytokinesis during mitosis.
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Metabolic
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Q92934
View in UniProt
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Bcl2-associated agonist of cell death
Gene Name: BAD
Promotes cell death. Successfully competes for the binding to Bcl-X(L), Bcl-2 and Bcl-W, thereby affecting the level of heterodimerization of these proteins with BAX. Can reverse the death repressor activity of Bcl-X(L), but not that of Bcl-2 (By similarity). Appears to act as a link between growth factor receptor signaling and the apoptotic pathways
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Metabolic
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A8E194
View in UniProt
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Bcr-abl1 fusion protein
Gene Name: BCR-ABL1
Bcr-abl1 fusion protein is a cytoplasm-targeted constitutively active tyrosine kinase that causes uninhibited cell proliferation. This fusion protein is the result of Abelson Murine Leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (ABL1) translocating within the Breakpoint Cluster Region (BCR) gene on chromosome 22 and is necessary for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) pathogenesis.
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Metabolic
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Q14457
View in UniProt
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Beclin-1
Plays a central role in autophagy. Required for the abcission step in cytokinesis. May play a role in antiviral host defense. Protects against infection by a neurovirulent strain of Sindbis virus.
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Metabolic
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Q9HAY6
View in UniProt
HMDBP01568
View in HMDB
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Beta,beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase
Gene Name: BCMO1
Symmetrically cleaves beta-carotene into two molecules of retinal. The reaction proceeds in three stages, epoxidation of the 15,15'-double bond, hydration of the double bond leading to ring opening, and oxidative cleavage of the diol formed.
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Metabolic
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P08588
View in UniProt
HMDBP01632
View in HMDB
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Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
Gene Name: ADRB1
Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. This receptor binds epinephrine and norepinephrine with approximately equal affinity
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Metabolic
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O96024
View in UniProt
HMDBP01102
View in HMDB
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Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 4
Gene Name: B3GALT4
Involved in GM1/GD1B/GA1 ganglioside biosynthesis.
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Metabolic
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Q00973
View in UniProt
HMDBP00873
View in HMDB
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Beta-1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1
Gene Name: B4GALNT1
Involved in the biosynthesis of gangliosides GM2, GD2 and GA2.
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Metabolic
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P15291
View in UniProt
HMDBP00377
View in HMDB
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Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1
Gene Name: B4GALT1
The Golgi complex form catalyzes the production of lactose in the lactating mammary gland and could also be responsible for the synthesis of complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides in many glycoproteins as well as the carbohydrate moieties of glycolipids.
The cell surface form functions as a recognition molecule during a variety of cell to cell and cell to matrix interactions, as those occurring during development and egg fertilization, by binding to specific oligosaccharide ligands on opposing cells or in the extracellular matrix.
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Metabolic
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Q9UBX8
View in UniProt
HMDBP07258
View in HMDB
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Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 6
Gene Name: B4GALT6
Required for the biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids.
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Metabolic
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Q13884
View in UniProt
HMDBP01766
View in HMDB
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Beta-1-syntrophin
Gene Name: SNTB1
Adapter protein that binds to and probably organizes the subcellular localization of a variety of membrane proteins. May link various receptors to the actin cytoskeleton and the dystrophin glycoprotein complex
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Metabolic
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Q13425
View in UniProt
HMDBP08002
View in HMDB
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Beta-2-syntrophin
Gene Name: SNTB2
Adapter protein that binds to and probably organizes the subcellular localization of a variety of membrane proteins. May link various receptors to the actin cytoskeleton and the dystrophin glycoprotein complex. May play a role in the regulation of secretory granules via its interaction with PTPRN
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Metabolic
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Q96KN2
View in UniProt
HMDBP00473
View in HMDB
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Beta-Ala-His dipeptidase
Gene Name: CNDP1
Preferential hydrolysis of the beta-Ala-|-His dipeptide (carnosine), and also anserine, Xaa-|-His dipeptides and other dipeptides including homocarnosine
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Metabolic
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P01203
View in UniProt
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Beta-endorphin
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Metabolic
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P16278
View in UniProt
HMDBP10706
View in HMDB
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Beta-galactosidase
Gene Name: GLB1
Cleaves beta-linked terminal galactosyl residues from gangliosides, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans.
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Metabolic
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P08236
View in UniProt
HMDBP00839
View in HMDB
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Beta-glucuronidase
Gene Name: GUSB
Plays an important role in the degradation of dermatan and keratan sulfates.
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Metabolic
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- Acute Intermittent Porphyria
- Acute Intermittent Porphyria
- Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria (CEP) or Gunther Disease
- Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria (CEP) or Gunther Disease
- Glycogen Synthetase Deficiency
- Glycogen Synthetase Deficiency
- Glycogenosis, Type III. Cori Disease, Debrancher Glycogenosis
- Glycogenosis, Type III. Cori Disease, Debrancher Glycogenosis
- Glycogenosis, Type IV. Amylopectinosis, Anderson Disease
- Glycogenosis, Type IV. Amylopectinosis, Anderson Disease
- Glycogenosis, Type VI. Hers Disease
- Glycogenosis, Type VI. Hers Disease
- Hereditary Coproporphyria (HCP)
- Hereditary Coproporphyria (HCP)
- Mucopolysaccharidosis VII. Sly Syndrome
- Mucopolysaccharidosis VII. Sly Syndrome
- Porphyria Variegata (PV)
- Porphyria Variegata (PV)
- Porphyrin Metabolism
- Starch and Sucrose Metabolism
- Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency
- Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency
- (
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P06865
View in UniProt
HMDBP00872
View in HMDB
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Beta-hexosaminidase subunit alpha
Gene Name: HEXA
Responsible for the degradation of GM2 gangliosides, and a variety of other molecules containing terminal N-acetyl hexosamines, in the brain and other tissues. The form B is active against certain oligosaccharides. The form S has no measurable activity.
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Metabolic
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P07686
View in UniProt
HMDBP00871
View in HMDB
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Beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta
Gene Name: HEXB
Responsible for the degradation of GM2 gangliosides, and a variety of other molecules containing terminal N-acetyl hexosamines, in the brain and other tissues.
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Metabolic
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Q86Z14
View in UniProt
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Beta-klotho
Gene Name: KLB
Contributes to the transcriptional repression of cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis. Probably inactive as a glycosidase. Increases the ability of FGFR1 and FGFR4 to bind FGF21 (By similarity).
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Metabolic
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P01138
View in UniProt
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Beta-nerve growth factor
Gene Name: NGF
Nerve growth factor is important for the development and maintenance of the sympathetic and sensory nervous systems. Extracellular ligand for the NTRK1 and NGFR receptors, activates cellular signaling cascades through those receptor tyrosine kinase to regulate neuronal proliferation, differentiation and survival. Inhibits metalloproteinase dependent proteolysis of platelet glycoprotein VI (PubMed:20164177).
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Metabolic
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Q9UBR1
View in UniProt
HMDBP00544
View in HMDB
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Beta-ureidopropionase
Gene Name: UPB1
Converts N-carbamyl-beta-aminoisobutyric acid and N-carbamyl-beta-alanine to, respectively, beta-aminoisobutyric acid and beta-alanine, ammonia and carbon dioxide.
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Metabolic
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Q93088
View in UniProt
HMDBP00559
View in HMDB
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Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1
Gene Name: BHMT
Involved in the regulation of homocysteine metabolism. Converts betaine and homocysteine to dimethylglycine and methionine, respectively. This reaction is also required for the irreversible oxidation of choline.
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Metabolic
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DB00112
View in DrugBank
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Bevacizumab
A recombinant humanized monoclonal IgG1 antibody that binds to and inhibits the biologic activity of human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Bevacizumab contains human framework regions and the complementarity-determining regions of a murine antibody that binds to VEGF. Bevacizumab is produced in a Chinese Hamster Ovary mammalian cell expression system in a nutrient medium containing the antibiotic gentamicin and has a molecular weight of approximately 149 kilodaltons.
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Metabolic
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O43252
View in UniProt
HMDBP00345
View in HMDB
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Bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 1
Gene Name: PAPSS1
Bifunctional enzyme with both ATP sulfurylase and APS kinase activity, which mediates two steps in the sulfate activation pathway. The first step is the transfer of a sulfate group to ATP to yield adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS), and the second step is the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to APS yielding 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate (PAPS: activated sulfate donor used by sulfotransferase). In mammals, PAPS is the sole source of sulfate; APS appears to be only an intermediate in the sulfate-activation pathway. Also involved in the biosynthesis of sulfated L-selectin ligands in endothelial cells.
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Metabolic
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O95340
View in UniProt
HMDBP00353
View in HMDB
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Bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2
Gene Name: PAPSS2
Bifunctional enzyme with both ATP sulfurylase and APS kinase activity, which mediates two steps in the sulfate activation pathway. The first step is the transfer of a sulfate group to ATP to yield adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS), and the second step is the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to APS yielding 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate (PAPS: activated sulfate donor used by sulfotransferase). In mammals, PAPS is the sole source of sulfate; APS appears to be only an intermediate in the sulfate-activation pathway. May have a important role in skeletogenesis during postnatal growth (By similarity).
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Metabolic
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Q13057
View in UniProt
HMDBP01886
View in HMDB
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Bifunctional coenzyme A synthase
Gene Name: COASY
Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the fourth and fifth sequential steps of CoA biosynthetic pathway. The fourth reaction is catalyzed by the phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase, coded by the coaD domain; the fifth reaction is catalyzed by the dephospho-CoA kinase, coded by the coaE domain. May act as a point of CoA biosynthesis regulation.
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Metabolic
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P34913
View in UniProt
HMDBP01790
View in HMDB
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Bifunctional epoxide hydrolase 2
Gene Name: EPHX2
Bifunctional enzyme. The C-terminal domain has epoxide hydrolase activity and acts on epoxides (alkene oxides, oxiranes) and arene oxides. Plays a role in xenobiotic metabolism by degrading potentially toxic epoxides. Also determines steady-state levels of physiological mediators. The N-terminal domain has lipid phosphatase activity, with the highest activity towards threo-9,10-phosphonooxy-hydroxy-octadecanoic acid, followed by erythro-9,10-phosphonooxy-hydroxy-octadecanoic acid, 12-phosphonooxy-octadec-9Z-enoic acid, 12-phosphonooxy-octadec-9E-enoic acid, and p-nitrophenyl phospate.
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Metabolic
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P07814
View in UniProt
HMDBP00567
View in HMDB
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Bifunctional glutamate/proline--tRNA ligase
Gene Name: EPRS
Catalyzes the attachment of the cognate amino acid to the corresponding tRNA in a two-step reaction: the amino acid is first activated by ATP to form a covalent intermediate with AMP and is then transferred to the acceptor end of the cognate tRNA. Component of the GAIT (gamma interferon-activated inhibitor of translation) complex which mediates interferon-gamma-induced transcript-selective translation inhibition in inflammation processes. Upon interferon-gamma activation and subsequent phosphorylation dissociates from the multisynthetase complex and assembles into the GAIT complex which binds to stem loop-containing GAIT elements in the 3'-UTR of diverse inflammatory mRNAs (such as ceruplasmin) and suppresses their translation.
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Metabolic
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P13995
View in UniProt
HMDBP00920
View in HMDB
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Bifunctional methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase, mitochondrial
Gene Name: MTHFD2
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Metabolic
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P31939
View in UniProt
HMDBP00882
View in HMDB
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Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH
Gene Name: ATIC
Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes 2 steps in purine biosynthesis.
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Metabolic
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Q9Y223
View in UniProt
HMDBP00332
View in HMDB
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Bifunctional UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase
Gene Name: GNE
Regulates and initiates biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), a precursor of sialic acids. Plays an essential role in early development (By similarity). Required for normal sialylation in hematopoietic cells. Sialylation is implicated in cell adhesion, signal transduction, tumorigenicity and metastatic behavior of malignant cells.
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Metabolic
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Q96RI1
View in UniProt
HMDBP02506
View in HMDB
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Bile acid receptor
Gene Name: NR1H4
Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor for bile acids such as chenodeoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid and deoxycholic acid. Represses the transcription of the cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) through the induction of NR0B2 or FGF19 expression, via two distinct mechanisms. Activates the intestinal bile acid-binding protein (IBABP). Activates the transcription of bile salt export pump ABCB11 by directly recruiting histone methyltransferase CARM1 to this locus
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Metabolic
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Q14032
View in UniProt
HMDBP00549
View in HMDB
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Bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase
Gene Name: BAAT
Involved in bile acid metabolism. In liver hepatocytes catalyzes the second step in the conjugation of C24 bile acids (choloneates) to glycine and taurine before excretion into bile canaliculi. The major components of bile are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. In a first step the bile acids are converted to an acyl-CoA thioester, either in peroxisomes (primary bile acids deriving from the cholesterol pathway), or cytoplasmic at the endoplasmic reticulum (secondary bile acids). May catalyze the conjugation of primary or secondary bile acids, or both. The conjugation increases the detergent properties of bile acids in the intestine, which facilitates lipid and fat-soluble vitamin absorption. In turn, bile acids are deconjugated by bacteria in the intestine and are recycled back to the liver for reconjugation (secondary bile acids). May also act as an acyl-CoA thioesterase that regulates intracellular levels of free fatty acids. In vitro, catalyzes the hydrolysis of long- and very long-chain saturated acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), and conjugates glycine to these acyl-CoAs.
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Metabolic
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Q9Y2P5
View in UniProt
HMDBP03055
View in HMDB
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Bile acyl-CoA synthetase
Gene Name: SLC27A5
Acyl-CoA synthetase involved in bile acid metabolism. Proposed to catalyze the first step in the conjugation of C24 bile acids (choloneates) to glycine and taurine before excretion into bile canaliculi by activating them to their CoA thioesters. Seems to activate secondary bile acids entering the liver from the enterohepatic circulation. In vitro, also activates 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate (THCA), the C27 precursor of cholic acid deriving from the de novo synthesis from cholesterol.
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Metabolic
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Q06520
View in UniProt
HMDBP00347
View in HMDB
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Bile salt sulfotransferase
Gene Name: SULT2A1
Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfonation of steroids and bile acids in the liver and adrenal glands.
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Metabolic
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P53004
View in UniProt
HMDBP00700
View in HMDB
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Biliverdin reductase A
Gene Name: BLVRA
Reduces the gamma-methene bridge of the open tetrapyrrole, biliverdin IX alpha, to bilirubin with the concomitant oxidation of a NADH or NADPH cofactor.
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Metabolic
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P50747
View in UniProt
HMDBP00509
View in HMDB
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Biotin--protein ligase
Gene Name: HLCS
Post-translational modification of specific protein by attachment of biotin. Acts on various carboxylases such as acetyl-CoA-carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, propionyl CoA carboxylase, and 3-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase.
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Metabolic
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P43251
View in UniProt
HMDBP00546
View in HMDB
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Biotinidase
Gene Name: BTD
Catalytic release of biotin from biocytin, the product of biotin-dependent carboxylases degradation.
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Metabolic
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P50583
View in UniProt
HMDBP00621
View in HMDB
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Bis(5'-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase [asymmetrical]
Gene Name: NUDT2
Asymmetrically hydrolyzes Ap4A to yield AMP and ATP. Plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis.
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Metabolic
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P07738
View in UniProt
HMDBP00266
View in HMDB
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Bisphosphoglycerate mutase
Gene Name: BPGM
Plays a major role in regulating hemoglobin oxygen affinity by controlling the levels of its allosteric effector 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG). Also exhibits mutase (EC 5.4.2.1) and phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.13) activities.
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Metabolic
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- Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome
- Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome
- Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase Deficiency
- Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase Deficiency
- Gluconeogenesis
- Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1A (GSD1A) or Von Gierke Disease
- Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1A (GSD1A) or Von Gierke Disease
- Glycogenosis, Type IA. Von Gierke Disease
- Glycogenosis, Type IA. Von Gierke Disease
- Glycogenosis, Type IB
- Glycogenosis, Type IB
- Glycogenosis, Type IC
- Glycogenosis, Type IC
- Glycogenosis, Type VII. Tarui Disease
- Glycogenosis, Type VII. Tarui Disease
- Glycolysis
- Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency 1 (PEPCK1)
- Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Deficiency 1 (PEPCK1)
- Triosephosphate Isomerase Deficiency
- Triosephosphate Isomerase Deficiency
- (
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DB00006
View in DrugBank
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Bivalirudin
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Metabolic
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P54687
View in UniProt
HMDBP00301
View in HMDB
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Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic
Gene Name: BCAT1
Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine.
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Metabolic
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P56945
View in UniProt
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Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1
Gene Name: BCAR1
Docking protein which plays a central coordinating role for tyrosine kinase-based signaling related to cell adhesion. Implicated in induction of cell migration. Overexpression confers antiestrogen resistance on breast cancer cells.
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Metabolic
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P11586
View in UniProt
HMDBP00923
View in HMDB
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C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, cytoplasmic
Gene Name: MTHFD1
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Metabolic
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Q99417
View in UniProt
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C-Myc-binding protein
Gene Name: MYCBP
May control the transcriptional activity of MYC. Stimulates the activation of E box-dependent transcription by MYC.
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Metabolic
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P61073
View in UniProt
HMDBP07643
View in HMDB
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C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4
Gene Name: CXCR4
Receptor for the C-X-C chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1 that transduces a signal by increasing intracellular calcium ions levels and enhancing MAPK1/MAPK3 activation. Acts as a receptor for extracellular ubiquitin; leading to enhance intracellular calcium ions and reduce cellular cAMP levels. Involved in haematopoiesis and in cardiac ventricular septum formation. Plays also an essential role in vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract, probably by regulating vascular branching and/or remodeling processes in endothelial cells. Could be involved in cerebellar development. In the CNS, could mediate hippocampal-neuron survival. Acts as a coreceptor (CD4 being the primary receptor) for HIV-1 X4 isolates and as a primary receptor for some HIV-2 isolates. Promotes Env-mediated fusion of the virus
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Metabolic
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P27708
View in UniProt
HMDBP03298
View in HMDB
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CAD protein
Gene Name: CAD
This protein is a "fusion" protein encoding four enzymatic activities of the pyrimidine pathway (GATase, CPSase, ATCase and DHOase).
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Metabolic
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Q96D31
View in UniProt
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Calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1
Gene Name: ORAI1
Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channel subunit which mediates Ca(2+) influx following depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores and channel activation by the Ca(2+) sensor, STIM1. CRAC channels are the main pathway for Ca(2+) influx in T-cells and promote the immune response to pathogens by activating the transcription factor NFAT.
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Metabolic
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Q8NE86
View in UniProt
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Calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial
Gene Name: MCU
Mitochondrial inner membrane calcium uniporter that mediates calcium uptake into mitochondria (PubMed:21685888, PubMed:21685886, PubMed:23101630, PubMed:22904319, PubMed:23178883, PubMed:22829870, PubMed:22822213, PubMed:24332854, PubMed:23755363, PubMed:26341627). Constitutes the pore-forming and calcium-conducting subunit of the uniporter complex (uniplex) (PubMed:23755363). Activity is regulated by MICU1 and MICU2. At low Ca(2+) levels MCU activity is down-regulated by MICU1 and MICU2; at higher Ca(2+) levels MICU1 increases MCU activity (PubMed:24560927, PubMed:26903221). Mitochondrial calcium homeostasis plays key roles in cellular physiology and regulates cell bioenergetics, cytoplasmic calcium signals and activation of cell death pathways. Involved in buffering the amplitude of systolic calcium rises in cardiomyocytes (PubMed:22822213). While dispensable for baseline homeostatic cardiac function, acts as a key regulator of short-term mitochondrial calcium loading underlying a 'fight-or-flight' response during acute stress: acts by mediating a rapid increase of mitochondrial calcium in pacemaker cells (PubMed:25603276). participates in mitochondrial permeability transition during ischemia-reperfusion injury (By similarity). Regulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells by regulating mitochondrial calcium uptake (PubMed:22904319, PubMed:22829870). Mitochondrial calcium uptake in skeletal muscle cells is involved in muscle size in adults (By similarity). Regulates synaptic vesicle endocytosis kinetics in central nerve terminal (By similarity). Involved in antigen processing and presentation (By similarity).
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Metabolic
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O75746
View in UniProt
HMDBP03143
View in HMDB
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Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein Aralar1
Gene Name: SLC25A12
Catalyzes the calcium-dependent exchange of cytoplasmic glutamate with mitochondrial aspartate across the mitochondrial inner membrane. May have a function in the urea cycle.
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Metabolic
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Q8N5S9
View in UniProt
HMDBP01316
View in HMDB
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Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 1
Gene Name: CAMKK1
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that belongs to a proposed calcium-triggered signaling cascade involved in a number of cellular processes. Phosphorylates CAMK1, CAMK1D, CAMK1G and CAMK4. Involved in regulating cell apoptosis. Promotes cell survival by phosphorylating AKT1/PKB that inhibits pro-apoptotic BAD/Bcl2-antagonist of cell death
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Metabolic
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|
Q96RR4
View in UniProt
HMDBP01346
View in HMDB
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Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2
Gene Name: CAMKK2
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase belonging to a proposed calcium-triggered signaling cascade involved in a number of cellular processes. Isoform 1, isoform 2 and isoform 3 phosphorylate CAMK1 and CAMK4. Isoform 3 phosphorylates CAMK1D. Isoform 4, isoform 5 and isoform 6 lacking part of the calmodulin- binding domain are inactive. Seems to be involved in hippocampal activation of CREB1
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Metabolic
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|
Q9UQM7
View in UniProt
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Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha
Gene Name: CAMK2A
CaM-kinase II (CAMK2) is a prominent kinase in the central nervous system that may function in long-term potentiation and neurotransmitter release. Member of the NMDAR signaling complex in excitatory synapses it may regulate NMDAR-dependent potentiation of the AMPAR and synaptic plasticity (By similarity).
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Metabolic
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P0DP23
View in UniProt
HMDBP01777
View in HMDB
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Calmodulin-1
Gene Name: CALM1
Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis (PubMed:16760425). Mediates calcium-dependent inactivation of CACNA1C (PubMed:26969752). Positively regulates calcium-activated potassium channel activity of KCNN2 (PubMed:27165696).
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Metabolic
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P0DP23
View in UniProt
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Calmodulin-1
Gene Name: CALM1
Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis (PubMed:16760425). Mediates calcium-dependent inactivation of CACNA1C (PubMed:26969752). Positively regulates calcium-activated potassium channel activity of KCNN2 (PubMed:27165696).
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Metabolic
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|
P0DP24
View in UniProt
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Calmodulin-2
Gene Name: CALM2
Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis (PubMed:16760425). Mediates calcium-dependent inactivation of CACNA1C (PubMed:26969752). Positively regulates calcium-activated potassium channel activity of KCNN2 (PubMed:27165696).
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Metabolic
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|
P0DP25
View in UniProt
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Calmodulin-3
Gene Name: CALM3
Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis.
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Metabolic
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Q8TD86
View in UniProt
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Calmodulin-like protein 6
Gene Name: CALML6
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Metabolic
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Q9Y233
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HMDBP00604
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cAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 10A
Gene Name: PDE10A
Plays a role in signal transduction by regulating the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides. Can hydrolyze both cAMP and cGMP, but has higher affinity for cAMP and is more efficient with cAMP as substrate.
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Metabolic
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P17612
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HMDBP01352
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cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha
Gene Name: PRKACA
Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus
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Metabolic
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P22694
View in UniProt
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cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta
Gene Name: PRKACB
Mediates cAMP-dependent signaling triggered by receptor binding to GPCRs. PKA activation regulates diverse cellular processes such as cell proliferation, the cell cycle, differentiation and regulation of microtubule dynamics, chromatin condensation and decondensation, nuclear envelope disassembly and reassembly, as well as regulation of intracellular transport mechanisms and ion flux. Regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits through phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these subunits, leading to their subsequent proteolysis (PubMed:12420224, PubMed:21423175). Phosphorylates GPKOW which regulates its ability to bind RNA (PubMed:21880142).
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Metabolic
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P22694
View in UniProt
HMDBP01415
View in HMDB
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cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta
Gene Name: PRKACB
Mediates cAMP-dependent signaling triggered by receptor binding to GPCRs. PKA activation regulates diverse cellular processes such as cell proliferation, the cell cycle, differentiation and regulation of microtubule dynamics, chromatin condensation and decondensation, nuclear envelope disassembly and reassembly, as well as regulation of intracellular transport mechanisms and ion flux
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Metabolic
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P22612
View in UniProt
HMDBP01207
View in HMDB
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cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma
Gene Name: PRKACG
Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus
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Metabolic
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P10644
View in UniProt
HMDBP02560
View in HMDB
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cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit
Gene Name: PRKAR1A
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Metabolic
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P31321
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HMDBP08137
View in HMDB
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cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-beta regulatory subunit
Gene Name: PRKAR1B
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Metabolic
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P13861
View in UniProt
HMDBP08138
View in HMDB
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cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-alpha regulatory subunit
Gene Name: PRKAR2A
Type II regulatory chains mediate membrane association by binding to anchoring proteins, including the MAP2 kinase
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Metabolic
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P31323
View in UniProt
HMDBP08139
View in HMDB
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cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-beta regulatory subunit
Gene Name: PRKAR2B
Type II regulatory chains mediate membrane association by binding to anchoring proteins, including the MAP2 kinase
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Metabolic
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Q08499
View in UniProt
HMDBP00636
View in HMDB
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cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D
Gene Name: PDE4D
Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes.
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Metabolic
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Q92887
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HMDBP01658
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Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1
Gene Name: ABCC2
Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of numerous organic anions. May function as a cellular cisplatin transporter
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Metabolic
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O15438
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HMDBP02040
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Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2
Gene Name: ABCC3
May act as an inducible transporter in the biliary and intestinal excretion of organic anions. Acts as an alternative route for the export of bile acids and glucuronides from cholestatic hepatocytes
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Metabolic
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Q9BSD7
View in UniProt
HMDBP10641
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Cancer-related nucleoside-triphosphatase
Gene Name: NTPCR
Has nucleotide phosphatase activity towards ATP, GTP, CTP, TTP and UTP. Hydrolyzes nucleoside diphosphates with lower efficiency.
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Metabolic
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P31327
View in UniProt
HMDBP00359
View in HMDB
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Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase [ammonia], mitochondrial
Gene Name: CPS1
Involved in the urea cycle of ureotelic animals where the enzyme plays an important role in removing excess ammonia from the cell.
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Metabolic
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Q9NPF2
View in UniProt
HMDBP00286
View in HMDB
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Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 11
Gene Name: CHST11
Catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. Can also sulfate Gal residues in desulfated dermatan sulfate. Preferentially sulfates in GlcA->GalNAc unit than in IdoA->GalNAc unit. Does not form 4, 6-di-O-sulfated GalNAc when chondroitin sulfate C is used as an acceptor.
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Metabolic
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