Cytochrome P450
2A6
Cytochrome P450
2C9
Cytochrome P450
2B6
Cytochrome P450
2A6
Cytochrome P450
2A6
Cytochrome P450
2B6
Cytochrome P450
2C9
Cytochrome P450
2A6
Cytochrome P450
2B6
Cytochrome P450
2C9
UDP-
glucuronosyltransferase
1-3
Acyl-coenzyme A
synthetase
ACSM1,
mitochondrial
Short/branched
chain specific
acyl-CoA
dehydrogenase,
mitochondrial
Isovaleryl-CoA
dehydrogenase,
mitochondrial
Short/branched
chain specific
acyl-CoA
dehydrogenase,
mitochondrial
Peroxisomal
bifunctional
enzyme
3- hydroxyacyl-
CoA
dehydrogenase
type-2
Trifunctional
enzyme,
mitochondrial
Trifunctional
enzyme,
mitochondrial
2,4-diene-Valproic acid-CoA
3-oxo-Valproic acid CoA
3-Oxovalproic acid
2-ene-Valproic acid
3-ene-valproic acid
2-Propylglutaric acid
2-Propyl-2,4-pentadienoic acid
2-n-Propyl-4-oxopentanoic acid
2-Propylsuccinic acid
Valproic acid
O2
NADPH
H+
4-Hydroxyvalproic acid
H2O
NADP
O2
H+
NADPH
3-Hydroxyvalproic acid
H2O
NADP
O2
H+
NADPH
5-Hydroxyvalproic acid
H2O
NADP
NAD
4-ene-Valproic acid
NADH
Uridine
diphosphate
glucuronic acid
Valproic acid glucuronide
Uridine
5'-diphosphate
ATP
CoA
Valproic acid CoA
AMP
PPi
CoA
4-ene-Valproic acid CoA
NAD
2-ene-Valproic acid CoA
NADH
H2O
3-Hydroxyvalproic acid CoA
NADH
NAD
Valproyl-dephospho-CoA
3-ene-Valproic acid CoA
2,3-diene-Valproic acid-CoA
Propionyl-CoA
Pentanoyl-CoA
Heme
Heme
Heme
Heme
Heme
Heme
Heme
Heme
Heme
Heme
Magnesium
FAD
FAD
FAD
Hepatotoxicity