Loading Pathway...
Error: Pathway image not found.
Hide
Pathway Description
Drosopterin and Aurodrosopterin Biosynthesis
Drosophila melanogaster
Category:
Metabolite Pathway
Sub-Category:
Metabolic
Created: 2019-01-27
Last Updated: 2023-10-28
Drosopterin and aurodrosopterin are two of the 5 or more red pigment components involved in Drosophila eye color. Both are similar compounds, with aurodrosopterin lacking an amino group compared to drosopterin. Their synthesis starts with GTP, which is hydrolyzed by GTP cyclohydrolase to form 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate. 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate then has its triphosphate group cleaved by 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase to form (6R)-6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin (dyspropterin). A currently unknown reaction occurs to convert dyspropterin to 7,8-dihydropterin during which a side-chain is removed. This reaction could be spontaneous or enzyme catalyzed. From there, 7,8-dihydropterin is deaminated by 7,8-dihydropterin deaminase, forming 7,8-dihydrolymazine. Dyspropterin is also catalyzed by pyrimidodiazepine synthase to form 2-amino-6-acetyl-3,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3H-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepin-4-one (pyrimidodiazepine). Pyrimidodiazepine can spontaneously react with either 7,8-dihydropterin to form drosopterin, or 7,8-dihydrolymazine to form aurodrosopterin, which is the final product of this pathway.
References
Drosopterin and Aurodrosopterin Biosynthesis References
Giordano E, Peluso I, Rendina R, Digilio A, Furia M: The clot gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a conserved member of the thioredoxin-like protein superfamily. Mol Genet Genomics. 2003 Feb;268(5):692-7. doi: 10.1007/s00438-002-0792-0. Epub 2003 Jan 18.
Pubmed: 12589444
Dorsett D, Yim JJ, Jacobson KB: Biosynthesis of "drosopterins" by an enzyme system from Drosophila melanogaster. Biochemistry. 1979 Jun 12;18(12):2596-600.
Pubmed: 109114
McLean JR, Krishnakumar S, O'Donnell JM: Multiple mRNAs from the Punch locus of Drosophila melanogaster encode isoforms of GTP cyclohydrolase I with distinct N-terminal domains. J Biol Chem. 1993 Dec 25;268(36):27191-7.
Pubmed: 8262960
Adams MD, Celniker SE, Holt RA, Evans CA, Gocayne JD, Amanatides PG, Scherer SE, Li PW, Hoskins RA, Galle RF, George RA, Lewis SE, Richards S, Ashburner M, Henderson SN, Sutton GG, Wortman JR, Yandell MD, Zhang Q, Chen LX, Brandon RC, Rogers YH, Blazej RG, Champe M, Pfeiffer BD, Wan KH, Doyle C, Baxter EG, Helt G, Nelson CR, Gabor GL, Abril JF, Agbayani A, An HJ, Andrews-Pfannkoch C, Baldwin D, Ballew RM, Basu A, Baxendale J, Bayraktaroglu L, Beasley EM, Beeson KY, Benos PV, Berman BP, Bhandari D, Bolshakov S, Borkova D, Botchan MR, Bouck J, Brokstein P, Brottier P, Burtis KC, Busam DA, Butler H, Cadieu E, Center A, Chandra I, Cherry JM, Cawley S, Dahlke C, Davenport LB, Davies P, de Pablos B, Delcher A, Deng Z, Mays AD, Dew I, Dietz SM, Dodson K, Doup LE, Downes M, Dugan-Rocha S, Dunkov BC, Dunn P, Durbin KJ, Evangelista CC, Ferraz C, Ferriera S, Fleischmann W, Fosler C, Gabrielian AE, Garg NS, Gelbart WM, Glasser K, Glodek A, Gong F, Gorrell JH, Gu Z, Guan P, Harris M, Harris NL, Harvey D, Heiman TJ, Hernandez JR, Houck J, Hostin D, Houston KA, Howland TJ, Wei MH, Ibegwam C, Jalali M, Kalush F, Karpen GH, Ke Z, Kennison JA, Ketchum KA, Kimmel BE, Kodira CD, Kraft C, Kravitz S, Kulp D, Lai Z, Lasko P, Lei Y, Levitsky AA, Li J, Li Z, Liang Y, Lin X, Liu X, Mattei B, McIntosh TC, McLeod MP, McPherson D, Merkulov G, Milshina NV, Mobarry C, Morris J, Moshrefi A, Mount SM, Moy M, Murphy B, Murphy L, Muzny DM, Nelson DL, Nelson DR, Nelson KA, Nixon K, Nusskern DR, Pacleb JM, Palazzolo M, Pittman GS, Pan S, Pollard J, Puri V, Reese MG, Reinert K, Remington K, Saunders RD, Scheeler F, Shen H, Shue BC, Siden-Kiamos I, Simpson M, Skupski MP, Smith T, Spier E, Spradling AC, Stapleton M, Strong R, Sun E, Svirskas R, Tector C, Turner R, Venter E, Wang AH, Wang X, Wang ZY, Wassarman DA, Weinstock GM, Weissenbach J, Williams SM, WoodageT, Worley KC, Wu D, Yang S, Yao QA, Ye J, Yeh RF, Zaveri JS, Zhan M, Zhang G, Zhao Q, Zheng L, Zheng XH, Zhong FN, Zhong W, Zhou X, Zhu S, Zhu X, Smith HO, Gibbs RA, Myers EW, Rubin GM, Venter JC: The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster. Science. 2000 Mar 24;287(5461):2185-95. doi: 10.1126/science.287.5461.2185.
Pubmed: 10731132
Weisberg EP, O'Donnell JM: Purification and characterization of GTP cyclohydrolase I from Drosophila melanogaster. J Biol Chem. 1986 Jan 25;261(3):1453-8.
Pubmed: 3080426
Kim N, Kim J, Park D, Rosen C, Dorsett D, Yim J: Structure and expression of wild-type and suppressible alleles of the Drosophila purple gene. Genetics. 1996 Apr;142(4):1157-68.
Pubmed: 8846895
Zhai B, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Mintseris J, Gygi SP: Phosphoproteome analysis of Drosophila melanogaster embryos. J Proteome Res. 2008 Apr;7(4):1675-82. doi: 10.1021/pr700696a. Epub 2008 Mar 8.
Pubmed: 18327897
Misra S, Crosby MA, Mungall CJ, Matthews BB, Campbell KS, Hradecky P, Huang Y, Kaminker JS, Millburn GH, Prochnik SE, Smith CD, Tupy JL, Whitfied EJ, Bayraktaroglu L, Berman BP, Bettencourt BR, Celniker SE, de Grey AD, Drysdale RA, Harris NL, Richter J, Russo S, Schroeder AJ, Shu SQ, Stapleton M, Yamada C, Ashburner M, Gelbart WM, Rubin GM, Lewis SE: Annotation of the Drosophila melanogaster euchromatic genome: a systematic review. Genome Biol. 2002;3(12):RESEARCH0083. doi: 10.1186/gb-2002-3-12-research0083. Epub 2002 Dec 31.
Pubmed: 12537572
Stapleton M, Carlson J, Brokstein P, Yu C, Champe M, George R, Guarin H, Kronmiller B, Pacleb J, Park S, Wan K, Rubin GM, Celniker SE: A Drosophila full-length cDNA resource. Genome Biol. 2002;3(12):RESEARCH0080. doi: 10.1186/gb-2002-3-12-research0080. Epub 2002 Dec 23.
Pubmed: 12537569
Kim J, Suh H, Kim S, Kim K, Ahn C, Yim J: Identification and characteristics of the structural gene for the Drosophila eye colour mutant sepia, encoding PDA synthase, a member of the omega class glutathione S-transferases. Biochem J. 2006 Sep 15;398(3):451-60. doi: 10.1042/BJ20060424.
Pubmed: 16712527
Kim J, Park SI, Ahn C, Kim H, Yim J: Guanine deaminase functions as dihydropterin deaminase in the biosynthesis of aurodrosopterin, a minor red eye pigment of Drosophila. J Biol Chem. 2009 Aug 28;284(35):23426-35. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.016493. Epub 2009 Jun 30.
Pubmed: 19567870
Highlighted elements will appear in red.
Highlight Compounds
Highlight Proteins
Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.
Visualize Compound Data
Visualize Protein Data
Downloads
Settings