Quantitative metabolomics services for biomarker discovery and validation.
Specializing in ready to use metabolomics kits.
Your source for quantitative metabolomics technologies and bioinformatics.
Loader

Filter by Pathway Type:



Showing 631 - 640 of 605359 pathways
SMPDB ID Pathway Name and Description Pathway Class Chemical Compounds Proteins

SMP0000665

Pw000642 View Pathway

Amiodarone Action Pathway

Amiodarone, trade name Cordarone and Nexterone, is an antianginal and a class III antiarrhythmic drug prescribed to treat irregular heart rhythms. The drug inhibits Na,K-activated myocardial adenosine triphosphatase, calcium and potassium channels and beta adrenergic receptors causing an increase in ventricular and atrial muscle action duration. This inhibition causes prevents repolarization of the cells causing heart rate to decrease and vascular resistance to decrease. Amiodarone exerts its antiarrhythmic effect by prolonging the duration of myocardial cell-action potentials. Amiodarone is unique to other class III antiarrhythmic drugs due to its effect on beta adrenergic receptors, calcium channels and sodium channels.
Drug Action

SMP0000666

Pw000643 View Pathway

Levobunolol Action Pathway

Levobunolol (also known as Betagan) is an ophthalmic beta blocker (non-selective) that can produce cardiovascular effects and systemic pulmonary effects. Levobunolol bind to beta1-adrenergic and beta2-adrenergic receptors in heart and vascular smooth muscle to block the binding of other adrenergic neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, which lead to decreased blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac output.
Drug Action

SMP0000667

Pw000644 View Pathway

Metipranolol Action Pathway

Metipranolol (also known as Betanol or Disorat) is an beta blocker (non-selective) that can used as an antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic and antiglaucoma agent. Metipranolol binds to beta1-adrenergic and beta2-adrenergic receptors in heart and vascular smooth muscle. Metipranolol demonstrates low intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, and weak local anesthetic (membrane-stabilizing) and myocardial depressant activity. Metipranolol can also reduce the producion of aqueous humor.
Drug Action

SMP0000668

Pw000645 View Pathway

Bevantolol Action Pathway

Bevantolol hydrocholride, also known as bevantolol, is a cardioselective beta blocker prescribed to treat angina pectoris and hypertension. Bevantolol is an antagonist of beta-1 adrenoreceptors to block the G protein signalling cascade and inhibit epinephrine induced sympathetic activation such as, increased heart rate. It does not have intrinsic sympathomimetic activity therefore does not stimulate beta-adrenergic receptors. This results in a decrease in preload and blood pressure.
Drug Action

SMP0000669

Pw000646 View Pathway

Practolol Action Pathway

Practolol (also known as Eraldin or Dalzic) is a beta blocker (non-selective) that are used for treat high blood pressure or chest pain. Practolol bind to beta1-adrenergic receptors in heart and vascular smooth muscle to block the binding of other adrenergic neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, which lead to decreased blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac output. Practolol can also bind beta-2 adrenergic receptors in juxtaglomerular apparatus and bronchiole smooth muscle. In juxtaglomerular apparatus, practolol can prevent the production of aldosterone and angiotensin II by inhibiting renin production, which lead to prevention of water retention and vasoconstriction. In bronchiole smooth muscle, binding of practolol to beta-2 adrenergic receptors can also prevent vasoconstriction.
Drug Action

SMP0000670

Pw000647 View Pathway

Bupranolol Action Pathway

Bupranolol is a nonselective beta-blocker with structural similarity to propanolol. Both drugs do not have intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. It competes with catecholamines for binding beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart to inhibit sympathetic activation. This inhibition causes decreased heart rate, cardiac output, blood pressure
Drug Action

SMP0000671

Pw000648 View Pathway

Tramadol Action Action Pathway

Tramadol is an analgesic drug consisting of two enantiomer forms (+)-Tramadol and (-)-Tramadol. Both contribute to pain relief by inhibiting pain transmission in the spinal cord via different mechanisms. (+)-Tramadol is a selective agonist of the mu receptor (OP3) inhibiting serotonin reuptake, while (-)-Tramadol inhibits norepinephrine reuptake in the central nervous system. Although tramadol is structurally related to codeine and morphine, it’s affinity for the mu receptor compared to other opioids is significantly less. Therefore tramadol is used when treatment with strong opioids is not necessary since it’s pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties suggest the low likelihood of patients becoming dependent.
Drug Action

SMP0000672

Pw000649 View Pathway

Propoxyphene Action Pathway

Propoxyphene is an analgesic in the opioid category. It primarily acts on the G protein coupled receptors, OP3. Propoxyphene binding to OP3 causes GTP exchange for GDP and inhibit adenylate cyclase causing decreased intracellular cAMP. This leads to the inhibition of nociceptive neurotransmitters such as: substance P, GABA, dopamine, acetylcholine and noradrenaline. Opioids inhibit vasopressin, somatostatin, insulin and glucagon release. Propoxyphene also causes the closure of voltage-gated calcium channels and opens potassium channels causing the hyperpolarization of the membrane and decreasing neuronal excitability. This further reduces the feeling of pain.
Drug Action

SMP0000673

Pw000650 View Pathway

Levorphanol Action Pathway

Levorphanol (also known as Levo-Dromoran) is an opioid medication that can bind to mu-type opioid receptor to activate associated G-protein in the sensory neurons of central nervous system (CNS), which will reduce the level of intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. The binding of levorphanol will eventually lead to reduced pain because of decreased nerve conduction and release of neurotransmitter. Therefore, levorphanol can reduce nerve conduction and decrease neurotransmitter release; so that perception of pain signals can be blocked.
Drug Action

SMP0000674

Pw000651 View Pathway

Anileridine Action Pathway

Anileridine (also known as Leritine) is analgesic that can bind to mu-type opioid receptor to activate associated G-protein in the sensory neurons of central nervous system (CNS), which will reduce the level of intracellular cAMP by inhibiting adenylate cyclase. The binding of anileridine will eventually lead to reduced pain because of decreased nerve conduction and release of neurotransmitter. Hyperpolarization of neuron is caused by inactivation of calcium channels and activation of potassium channels via facilitated by G-protein.
Drug Action
Showing 631 - 640 of 65006 pathways