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Pathway Description
Amiodarone Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Drug Action Pathway
Amiodarone, trade name Cordarone and Nexterone, is an antianginal and a class III antiarrhythmic drug prescribed to treat irregular heart rhythms. The drug inhibits Na,K-activated myocardial adenosine triphosphatase, calcium and potassium channels and beta adrenergic receptors causing an increase in ventricular and atrial muscle action duration. This inhibition causes prevents repolarization of the cells causing heart rate to decrease and vascular resistance to decrease. Amiodarone exerts its antiarrhythmic effect by prolonging the duration of myocardial cell-action potentials. Amiodarone is unique to other class III antiarrhythmic drugs due to its effect on beta adrenergic receptors, calcium channels and sodium channels.
References
Amiodarone Pathway References
Rosenbaum MB, Chiale PA, Halpern MS, Nau GJ, Przybylski J, Levi RJ, Lazzari JO, Elizari MV: Clinical efficacy of amiodarone as an antiarrhythmic agent. Am J Cardiol. 1976 Dec;38(7):934-44.
Pubmed: 793369
Singh BN, Vaughan Williams EM: The effect of amiodarone, a new anti-anginal drug, on cardiac muscle. Br J Pharmacol. 1970 Aug;39(4):657-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1970.tb09891.x.
Pubmed: 5485142
Rosenbaum MB, Chiale PA, Haedo A, Lazzari JO, Elizari MV: Ten years of experience with amiodarone. Am Heart J. 1983 Oct;106(4 Pt 2):957-64.
Pubmed: 6613843
CHARLIER R, DELTOUR G, TONDEUR R, BINON F: [Studies in the benzofuran series. VII. Preliminary pharmacological study of 2-butyl-3-(3,5-diiodo-4-beta-N-diethylaminoethoxybenzoyl)-benzofuran]. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1962 Sep 1;139:255-64.
Pubmed: 14020244
DELTOUR G, BINON F, TONDEUR R, GOLDENBERG C, HENAUX F, SION R, DERAY E, CHARLIER R: [Studies in the benzofuran series. VI. Coronary-dilating activity of alkylated and aminoalkylated derivatives of 3-benzoylbenzofuran]. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1962 Sep 1;139:247-54.
Pubmed: 14026835
Sloskey GE: Amiodarone: a unique antiarrhythmic agent. Clin Pharm. 1983 Jul-Aug;2(4):330-40.
Pubmed: 6349912
Florek JB, Girzadas D: Amiodarone
Pubmed: 29489285
Periasamy M, Kalyanasundaram A: SERCA pump isoforms: their role in calcium transport and disease. Muscle Nerve. 2007 Apr;35(4):430-42. doi: 10.1002/mus.20745.
Pubmed: 17286271
Fieni F, Lee SB, Jan YN, Kirichok Y: Activity of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter varies greatly between tissues. Nat Commun. 2012;3:1317. doi: 10.1038/ncomms2325.
Pubmed: 23271651
Mammucari C, Gherardi G, Rizzuto R: Structure, Activity Regulation, and Role of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter in Health and Disease. Front Oncol. 2017 Jul 10;7:139. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00139. eCollection 2017.
Pubmed: 28740830
Driessen HE, Bourgonje VJ, van Veen TA, Vos MA: New antiarrhythmic targets to control intracellular calcium handling. Neth Heart J. 2014 May;22(5):198-213. doi: 10.1007/s12471-014-0549-5.
Pubmed: 24733689
Striated Muscle Contraction References
Cooke R: The sliding filament model: 1972-2004. J Gen Physiol. 2004 Jun;123(6):643-56. doi: 10.1085/jgp.200409089.
Pubmed: 15173218
Szent-Gyorgyi A: The mechanism of muscle contraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Sep;71(9):3343-4.
Pubmed: 4610574
Kuo IY, Ehrlich BE: Signaling in muscle contraction. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2015 Feb 2;7(2):a006023. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a006023.
Pubmed: 25646377
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