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Voltage- dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A Voltage- dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 Voltage- dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 Ryanodine receptor 2 Tropomyosin alpha-1 chain Tropomyosin beta chain Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 2 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 Putative Dol-P- Glc:Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)- PP-Dol alpha-1,2- glucosyltransferase Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha Beta-2- syntrophin Alpha-1- syntrophin Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3 Kv channel- interacting protein 2 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1 ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8 ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11 ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9 Inward rectifier potassium channel 2 Inward rectifier potassium channel 4 Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5 Disks large homolog 1 G protein- activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 G protein- activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 Potassium channel subfamily K member 1 Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization- activated cyclic nucleotide- gated channel 4 Voltage- dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H Voltage- dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha cAMP Ca+ Procainamide Ca+ Ca+ Ca+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ Na+ Na+ K+ Na+ Na+ cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit Troponin Troponin Ca+ Beta-1- syntrophin +40 0 -100 Membrane Potential (mV) Time Rapid Depolarization Repolarization Plateau 'Fast' Action Potential Muscle Contraction T-tubule Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Myosin unbound to actin Myosin bound to actin in powerstroke Cardiomyocyte Procainamide inhibits sodium channels from allowing sodium influx into the cardiomyocyte. This slows depolarization of action potentials Procainamide also inhibits the potassium voltage gated channel subfamily H member 2 channel. This stops potassium from going out of the cell during depolarization of the cardiomyocytes.. Pacemaker Potential Procainamide will stabalize the membrane prolonging the action potential and lengthens the refractory of fast action potentials in purkinje fibres, atrial myocytes and ventricular myocytes. The dashed line shows the effect of Phenytoin on the action potential.
CACNA1A CACNB1 CACNA2D2 RYR2 TPM1 TPM2 KCNE2 KCNH2 ALG10B SCN5A SNTB2 SNTA1 KCND3 KCNIP2 KCNQ1 KCNE1 ABCC8 KCNJ8 KCNJ11 Unknown KCNJ2 KCNJ4 Unknown Unknown KCNJ3 KCNJ5 KCNK1 HCN4 CACNA1H CACNA1G PRKACA cAMP Calcium Procainamide Calcium Calcium Calcium Potassium Potassium Potassium Potassium Potassium Potassium Potassium Potassium Potassium Sodium Sodium Potassium Sodium Sodium PRKAR1A Troponin Troponin Calcium SNTB1
CACNA1A CACNB1 CACNA2D2 RYR2 TPM1 TPM2 KCNE2 KCNH2 ALG10B SCN5A SNTB2 SNTA1 KCND3 KCNIP2 KCNQ1 KCNE1 ABCC8 KCNJ8 KCNJ11 KCNJ2 KCNJ4 KCNJ3 KCNJ5 KCNK1 HCN4 CACNA1H CACNA1G PRKACA cAMP Ca+ Procain Ca+ Ca+ Ca+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ Na+ Na+ K+ Na+ Na+ PRKAR1A Troponi Troponi Ca+ SNTB1 +40 0 -100 Membrane Potential (mV) Time Rapid Depolarization Repolarization Plateau 'Fast' Action Potential Muscle Contraction T-tubule Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Myosin unbound to actin Myosin bound to actin in powerstroke Cardiomyocyte Procainamide inhibits sodium channels from allowing sodium influx into the cardiomyocyte. This slows depolarization of action potentials Procainamide also inhibits the potassium voltage gated channel subfamily H member 2 channel. This stops potassium from going out of the cell during depolarization of the cardiomyocytes.. Pacemaker Potential Procainamide will stabalize the membrane prolonging the action potential and lengthens the refractory of fast action potentials in purkinje fibres, atrial myocytes and ventricular myocytes. The dashed line shows the effect of Phenytoin on the action potential.
CACNA1A CACNB1 CACNA2D2 RYR2 TPM1 TPM2 KCNE2 KCNH2 ALG10B SCN5A SNTB2 SNTA1 KCND3 KCNIP2 KCNQ1 KCNE1 ABCC8 KCNJ8 KCNJ11 KCNJ2 KCNJ4 KCNJ3 KCNJ5 KCNK1 HCN4 CACNA1H CACNA1G PRKACA cAMP Ca2+ Procain Ca2+ Ca2+ Ca2+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ Na+ Na+ K+ Na+ Na+ PRKAR1A Troponi Troponi Ca2+ SNTB1