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Heme ligase Hemoglobin subunit alpha Hemoglobin subunit beta ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3 Hemoglobin subunit alpha Hemoglobin subunit beta Hemoglobin subunit alpha Hemoglobin subunit beta Plasmepsin I Plasmepsin II V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A Chloroquine Chloroquine Chloroquine Chloroquine Chloroquine Heme β-hematin ATP H2O H+ ADP Pi H+ L-Amino acid Protein degradation pH = 5.0 - 5.4 Digestive vacuole Parasite Erythrocyte Toxic to the parasite Amino acids are used for nutrition and protein synthesis by the parasite Maintains the pH of the vacuole for all enzymes to function Cytosol Chloroquine inhibits heme ligase, causing the accumulation of toxic free heme Blood Vessel
Melanosome HDP HBA1 HBB ABCC3 HBA1 HBB HBA1 HBB PMI PMII vapA Chloroquine Chloroquine Chloroquine Chloroquine Chloroquine Heme β-hematin Adenosine triphosphate Water Hydrogen Ion Adenosine diphosphate Phosphate Hydrogen Ion L-Amino acid Protein degradation
HDP HBA1 HBB ABCC3 HBA1 HBB HBA1 HBB PMI PMII vapA Aralen Aralen Aralen Aralen Aralen Heme β-hemat ATP H2O H+ ADP Pi H+ LAA Pro deg pH = 5.0 - 5.4 Digestive vacuole Parasite Erythrocyte Toxic to the parasite Amino acids are used for nutrition and protein synthesis by the parasite Maintains the pH of the vacuole for all enzymes to function Cytosol Chloroquine inhibits heme ligase, causing the accumulation of toxic free heme Blood Vessel
Melanosome HDP HBA1 HBB ABCC3 HBA1 HBB HBA1 HBB PMI PMII vapA Aralen Aralen Aralen Aralen Aralen Heme β-hemat ATP H2O H+ ADP Pi H+ LAA Pro deg