Alclometasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid steroid for topical use in the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Alclometasone is a selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist. The exact mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action is still unclear. It is likely that by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor, it influences transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kB to block the transcription of COX-2/prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 which reduces the amount of prostanoids being produced from arachidonic acid. Prostanoids such as PGI2 and thromboxane A2 influence the effects of inflammation through vasoconstriction/dilation, pain sensitivity, and platelet aggregation. Aclometasone also affects the promoter of annexin-1, an important inflammatory protein as it affects leukocytes and blocks phospholipase A2 which reduces the amount of arachidonic acid being cleaved from the phospholipid bilayer. Reducing the amount of arachidonic acid formed further decreases the concentrations of prostanoids mentioned calming inflammation. Alclometasone is administered as a topical cream or ointment.
References
Alclometasone Pathway References
Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Guo AC, Lo EJ, Marcu A, Grant JR, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Sayeeda Z, Assempour N, Iynkkaran I, Liu Y, Maciejewski A, Gale N, Wilson A, Chin L, Cummings R, Le D, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M: DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1037.
Liu T, Zhang L, Joo D, Sun S. NF-κB signaling in inflammation. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2: 17023, 2017.
Perretti M, D’Acquisto F. Annexin A1 and glucocorticoids as effectors of the resolution of
inflammation. Nature Reviews Immunology 9: 62–70, 2009.
Kirschke E, Goswami D, Southworth D, Griffin P. R, Agard D. Glucocorticoid Receptor Function Regulated by Coordinated Action of the Hsp90 and Hsp70 Chaperone Cycles. Cell 157(7): 1685-1697, 2014.
Oeckinghaus A, Ghosh S. The NF-kB Family of Transcription Factors and Its Regulation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 1(4): a000034, 2009.
Kisiel, K., Kaszuba, A., & Ruszkowska, L. Alclometasone dipropionate: properties and clinical uses. Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii 28(2):107-119, 2011.
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