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Pathway Description
Rimexolone Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Drug Action Pathway
Rimexolone, also known as Vexol, is a glucocorticoid used to treat inflammation of the eye. It is available as a 1% eye drop solution. Rimexolone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. As this drug is a glucocorticoid, its mechanism of action is that of the glucocorticoid response element (GRE) of influencing COX-2/prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 suppression and lipocortin/annexin induction. By binding to the glucocorticoid receptor, it influences transcription factors AP-1 and NF-kB to block the transcription of COX-2/prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 which reduces the amount of prostanoids being produced from arachidonic acid. Prostanoids such as PGI2 and thromboxane A2 influence the effects of inflammation through vasoconstriction/dilation, pain sensitivity, and platelet aggregation. Rimexolone also affects the promoter of annexin-1, an important inflammatory protein as it affects leukocytes and blocks phospholipase A2 which reduces the amount of arachidonic acid being cleaved from the phospholipid bilayer. Reducing the amount of arachidonic acid formed further decreases the concentrations of prostanoids mentioned calming inflammation.
References
Rimexolone Pathway References
Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Guo AC, Lo EJ, Marcu A, Grant JR, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Sayeeda Z, Assempour N, Iynkkaran I, Liu Y, Maciejewski A, Gale N, Wilson A, Chin L, Cummings R, Le D, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M: DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1037.
Pubmed: 29126136
Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Guo AC, Lo EJ, Marcu A, Grant JR, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Sayeeda Z, Assempour N, Iynkkaran I, Liu Y, Maciejewski A, Gale N, Wilson A, Chin L, Cummings R, Le D, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M: DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1037.
Pubmed: 29126136
Derendorf H, Mollmann H, Voortman G, van den Ouweland FA, van de Putte LB, Gevers G, Dequeker J, van Vliet-Daskalopoulou E: Pharmacokinetics of rimexolone after intra-articular administration. J Clin Pharmacol. 1990 May;30(5):476-9. doi: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1990.tb03488.x.
Pubmed: 2347958
Necela B. M, Cidlowski J. A. Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid Receptor Action in Noninflammatory and Inflammatory Cells. American Thoracic Society 1:239-246, 2004.
Perretti M, Dalli J. Exploiting the Annexin A1 pathway for the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics. British Journal of Pharmacology 158: 936-946, 2009.
Oeckinghaus A, Ghosh S. The NF-kB Family of Transcription Factors and Its Regulation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 1(4): a000034, 2009.
Caldenhoven E, Liden J, Wissink S, Wan de Stolpe A, Raaijmakers J, Koenderman L, Okret S, Gustafsson J, Van der Saag P, T. Negative Cross-Talk between ReAl and the Glucocorticoid Receptor: A Possible Mechanism for the Anti-inflammatory Action of Glucocorticoids. Molecular Endocrinology 9(4): 401-412, 1995.
Kang Y, Mbonye U. R, DeLong C. J, Wada M, Smith W. L. Regulation of Intracellular Cyclooxygenase Levels by Gene Transcription and Protein Degradation. Prog Lipid Res 46(2): 108-125, 2007.
Kirschke E, Goswami D, Southworth D, Griffin P. R, Agard D. Glucocorticoid Receptor Function Regulated by Coordinated Action of the Hsp90 and Hsp70 Chaperone Cycles. Cell 157(7): 1685-1697, 2014.
Parente L, Solito E. Annexin 1: more than an anti-phospholipase protein. Inflammation Research 53: 125-132, 2004.
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