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Pathway Description
Atomoxetine Action Pathway (New)
Homo sapiens
Drug Action Pathway
Atomoxetine, also known as Strattera, is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). It is used in the management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although the underlying pathophysiology that causes ADHD remains undefined, evidence suggests that dysregulation in noradrenergic and dopaminergic pathways plays a critical role. Due to atomoxetine's noradrenergic activity, it also has effects on the cardiovascular system such as increased blood pressure and tachycardia. Atomoxetine binds to the sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter, this prevents the noradrenaline reuptake in the presynaptic neurons. In consequence, there is more norepinephrine available in the synapses and in the brain in general. This will increase the activation of alpha-adrenergic receptors in the postsynaptic neurons. This activation decreases the inattention of ADHD patients. This drug is administered as an oral capsule.
References
Atomoxetine Pathway (New) References
Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Guo AC, Lo EJ, Marcu A, Grant JR, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Sayeeda Z, Assempour N, Iynkkaran I, Liu Y, Maciejewski A, Gale N, Wilson A, Chin L, Cummings R, Le D, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M: DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1037.
Pubmed: 29126136
Yu G, Li GF, Markowitz JS: Atomoxetine: A Review of Its Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics Relative to Drug Disposition. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2016 May;26(4):314-26. doi: 10.1089/cap.2015.0137. Epub 2016 Feb 9.
Pubmed: 26859445
Hutchison SL, Ghuman JK, Ghuman HS, Karpov I, Schuster JM: Efficacy of atomoxetine in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in patients with common comorbidities in children, adolescents and adults: a review. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2016 Oct;6(5):317-334. doi: 10.1177/2045125316647686. Epub 2016 May 20.
Pubmed: 27721971
Aman MG, Smith T, Arnold LE, Corbett-Dick P, Tumuluru R, Hollway JA, Hyman SL, Mendoza-Burcham M, Pan X, Mruzek DW, Lecavalier L, Levato L, Silverman LB, Handen B: A review of atomoxetine effects in young people with developmental disabilities. Res Dev Disabil. 2014 Jun;35(6):1412-24. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.03.006. Epub 2014 Apr 16.
Pubmed: 24732041
Del Campo N, Chamberlain SR, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW: The roles of dopamine and noradrenaline in the pathophysiology and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2011 Jun 15;69(12):e145-57. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.02.036. Epub 2011 May 6.
Pubmed: 21550021
Marshall CA, Brodnik ZD, Mortensen OV, Reith MEA, Shumsky JS, Waterhouse BD, Espana RA, Kortagere S: Selective activation of Dopamine D3 receptors and norepinephrine transporter blockade enhances sustained attention. Neuropharmacology. 2019 Apr;148:178-188. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.01.003. Epub 2019 Jan 8.
Pubmed: 30633928
Ding YS, Naganawa M, Gallezot JD, Nabulsi N, Lin SF, Ropchan J, Weinzimmer D, McCarthy TJ, Carson RE, Huang Y, Laruelle M: Clinical doses of atomoxetine significantly occupy both norepinephrine and serotonin transports: Implications on treatment of depression and ADHD. Neuroimage. 2014 Feb 1;86:164-71. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.001. Epub 2013 Aug 9.
Pubmed: 23933039
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