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Pathway Description
Caffeine Cardiac Contraction Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Drug Action Pathway
Caffeine is a stimulant present in tea, coffee, cola beverages, analgesic drugs, and agents used to increase alertness. The cardiovascular effects are extensive and can help with headaches, migraines, or other types of pain in certain circumstances. Caffeine is mainly studied using coffee which has other chemicals present in it. This means that much of the research is not well understood, and there is much conflicting data on caffeine.
Caffeine antagonizes adenosine A1 receptors in sympathetic nerves that innervate the heart muscles. Adenosine A1 receptors inhibit the release of catecholamines like norepinephrine from neurons that innervate the heart muscles. The antagonism of adenosine A1 receptors allows more norepinephrine to be released into the synapse where it causes contractions of the heart muscles through the norepinephrine subpathway. This leads to increased heartrate.
References
Caffeine Cardiac Contraction Pathway References
Addicott MA, Yang LL, Peiffer AM, Burnett LR, Burdette JH, Chen MY, Hayasaka S, Kraft RA, Maldjian JA, Laurienti PJ: The effect of daily caffeine use on cerebral blood flow: How much caffeine can we tolerate? Hum Brain Mapp. 2009 Oct;30(10):3102-14. doi: 10.1002/hbm.20732.
Pubmed: 19219847
Liao Y, Takashima S, Asano Y, Asakura M, Ogai A, Shintani Y, Minamino T, Asanuma H, Sanada S, Kim J, Ogita H, Tomoike H, Hori M, Kitakaze M: Activation of adenosine A1 receptor attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and prevents heart failure in murine left ventricular pressure-overload model. Circ Res. 2003 Oct 17;93(8):759-66. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000094744.88220.62. Epub 2003 Sep 11.
Pubmed: 12970111
Sheth S, Brito R, Mukherjea D, Rybak LP, Ramkumar V: Adenosine receptors: expression, function and regulation. Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Jan 28;15(2):2024-52. doi: 10.3390/ijms15022024.
Pubmed: 24477263
Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Guo AC, Lo EJ, Marcu A, Grant JR, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Sayeeda Z, Assempour N, Iynkkaran I, Liu Y, Maciejewski A, Gale N, Wilson A, Chin L, Cummings R, Le D, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M: DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D1074-D1082. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1037.
Pubmed: 29126136
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