PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW122473 View Pathway	metabolic Thiamine Metabolism Danio rerio BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Eponine Oler Created On: April 24, 2019 at 11:15 Last Updated: April 24, 2019 at 11:15
PW064659 View Pathway	metabolic Thiamine Metabolism Mus musculus Thiamine, (Vitamin B1), is a compound found in many different foods such as beans, seafood, meats and yogurt. It is usually maintained by the consumption of whole grains. It is an essential part of energy metabolism. This means that thiamine helps convert carbohydrates into energy. Eating carbohydrates increases the need for this vitamin, as your body can only store about 30mg at a time due to the vitamins short half-life. Thiamine was first synthesized in 1936, which was very helpful in researching its properties in relation to beriberi, a vitamin b1 deficiency. This deficiency has been observed mainly in countries where rice is the staple food. Thiamine metabolism begins in the extracellular space, being transported by a thiamine transporter into the cell. Once in the intracellular space, thiamine is converted into thiamine pyrophosphate through the enzyme thiamin pyrophosphate kinase 1. Thiamine pyrophosphate is then converted into thiamine triphosphate, again using the enzyme thiamin pyrophosphatekinase 1. After this, thiamine triphosphate uses thiamine-triphosphatase to revert to thiamine pyrophosphate, which undergoes a reaction using cancer-related nuceloside-triphosphatase to become thiamine monophosphate. This phosphorylated form is a metabolically active form of thiamine, as are the two other compounds, derivatives of thiamine, mentioned previously. The enzymes used in this pathway both stem from the upper small intestine. Thiamine is passed mainly through urine. It is a water-soluble vitamin, which means it dissolves in water and is carried to different parts of the body but is not stored in the body. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Carin Li Created On: January 21, 2018 at 23:56 Last Updated: January 21, 2018 at 23:56
PW088231 View Pathway	metabolic Thiamine Metabolism Bos taurus Thiamine, (Vitamin B1), is a compound found in many different foods such as beans, seafood, meats and yogurt. It is usually maintained by the consumption of whole grains. It is an essential part of energy metabolism. This means that thiamine helps convert carbohydrates into energy. Eating carbohydrates increases the need for this vitamin, as your body can only store about 30mg at a time due to the vitamins short half-life. Thiamine was first synthesized in 1936, which was very helpful in researching its properties in relation to beriberi, a vitamin b1 deficiency. This deficiency has been observed mainly in countries where rice is the staple food. Thiamine metabolism begins in the extracellular space, being transported by a thiamine transporter into the cell. Once in the intracellular space, thiamine is converted into thiamine pyrophosphate through the enzyme thiamin pyrophosphate kinase 1. Thiamine pyrophosphate is then converted into thiamine triphosphate, again using the enzyme thiamin pyrophosphatekinase 1. After this, thiamine triphosphate uses thiamine-triphosphatase to revert to thiamine pyrophosphate, which undergoes a reaction using cancer-related nuceloside-triphosphatase to become thiamine monophosphate. This phosphorylated form is a metabolically active form of thiamine, as are the two other compounds, derivatives of thiamine, mentioned previously. The enzymes used in this pathway both stem from the upper small intestine. Thiamine is passed mainly through urine. It is a water-soluble vitamin, which means it dissolves in water and is carried to different parts of the body but is not stored in the body. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: August 10, 2018 at 11:28 Last Updated: August 10, 2018 at 11:28
PW122487 View Pathway	metabolic Thiamine Metabolism Xenopus laevis BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Eponine Oler Created On: April 29, 2019 at 19:11 Last Updated: April 29, 2019 at 19:11
PW123985 View Pathway	metabolic Thiamine Metabolism Arabidopsis thaliana Thiamine is used in a variety of metabolic pathways in the form of thiamine pyrophosphate, or Vitamin B1. Its use is primarily as a cofactor for enzymes in key metabolic reactions. In plants, 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide, a product from purine metabolism, reacts with S-adenosylmethionine to produce 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate in the chloroplast. With the help of a TH1 enzyme, this compound reacts to form 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine diphosphate, dephosphorylating ATP in the process. This diphosphate compound is then further broken down into thiamine monophosphate by reacting with a number of complex compounds, two of which are derived from reactions using Glycine and 5-(2-hydroxymethyl)-4-methylthiazole, respectively. The thiamine monophosphate is then transported out of the chloroplast into the cytoplasm, where it is hydrolysed to form thiamine. Thiamine is now phosphorylated through a pair of reactions to form thiamine triphosphate. Alternatively, thiamine undergoes unknown reaction(s) to form N-formyl-4-amino-5-aminomethyl-2-methylpyrimidine, which, after being hydrolysed twice, is transported back into the chloroplast and reacts to form the earlier compound 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate. Notedly, many of the compounds used in thiamine metabolism are modified products of other crucial metabolic pathways, including glycine metabolism, cysteine metabolism, and glycolysis. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Alyssah Created On: July 12, 2020 at 14:02 Last Updated: July 12, 2020 at 14:02
PW132368 View Pathway	metabolic Thiamylal Drug Metabolism Homo sapiens Thiamylal is a drug that is not metabolized by the human body as determined by current research and biotransformer analysis. Thiamylal passes through the liver and is then excreted from the body mainly through the kidney. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: September 21, 2023 at 21:16 Last Updated: September 21, 2023 at 21:16
PW145242 View Pathway	drug action Thiamylal Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:23 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:23
PW061692 View Pathway	drug action Thiazinamium H1-Antihistamine Action Homo sapiens Thiazinamium is a first-generation phenothiazine H1-antihistamine. H1-antihistamines interfere with the agonist action of histamine at the H1 receptor and are administered to attenuate inflammatory process in order to treat conditions such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria. Reducing the activity of the NF-κB immune response transcription factor through the phospholipase C and the phosphatidylinositol (PIP2) signalling pathways also decreases antigen presentation and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and chemotactic factors. Furthermore, lowering calcium ion concentration leads to increased mast cell stability which reduces further histamine release. First-generation antihistamines readily cross the blood-brain barrier and cause sedation and other adverse central nervous system (CNS) effects (e.g. nervousness and insomnia). Second-generation antihistamines are more selective for H1-receptors of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and do not cross the blood-brain barrier. Consequently, these newer drugs elicit fewer adverse drug reactions. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Carin Li Created On: September 20, 2017 at 11:16 Last Updated: September 20, 2017 at 11:16
PW002041 View Pathway	metabolic Thiazole Biosynthesis I Escherichia coli This pathway demonstrate the biosynthesis of thiazole moiety in E.coli K-12 strain and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. L-Tyrosine is generated from tyrosine biosynthesis. With S-Adenosylmethionine and NADPH, L-Tyrosine can be catalyzed into four different small molecules: 4-methylcatechol, dehydroglycine, 5'-deoxyadenosine and L-methionine as well as NADP by dehydroglycine synthase (encoded by thiH gene). Meanwhile, 1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase (encoded by dxs gene) catalyzes pyruvic acid and D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate into 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate. The final reaction of the pathway is facilitated by thiazole synthase (encoded by thiG and thiH), which require a thiocarboxy-[ThiS-Protein], 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate and 2-iminoacetate to form 2-((2R,5Z)-2-Carboxy-4-methylthiazol-5(2H)-ylidene)ethyl phosphate for Thiamin Diphosphate Biosynthesis, as well as a ThiS sulfur-carrier protein and water. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: October 07, 2015 at 14:45 Last Updated: October 07, 2015 at 14:45
PW128075 View Pathway	drug action Thiethylperazine Dopamine Antagonist Action Pathway Homo sapiens Thiethylperazine is in the class of the piperazine - phenothiazines which are a class of first generation antipsychotic medications. Phenothiazines are generally dopamine receptor antagonists. Thiethylperazine' s antipsychotic effect is due to antagonism at dopamine and serotonin type 2 receptors, with greater activity at serotonin 5-HT2 receptors than at dopamine type-2 receptors. This may explain the lack of extrapyramidal effects. Thiethylperazine does not appear to block dopamine within the tubero-infundibular tract, explaining the lower incidence of hyperprolactinemia than with typical antipsychotic agents or risperidone. It is a sedating antihistamine used as an antiemetic agent for the control of nausea and vomiting associated with surgical procedures. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: July 13, 2023 at 11:45 Last Updated: July 13, 2023 at 11:45