PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW145750 View Pathway	drug action Methacholine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 16:33 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 16:33
PW128287 View Pathway	drug action Methacholine M2 Bronchoconstriction Action Pathway Homo sapiens Methacholine is a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor used to diagnose bronchial hyperreactivity in subjects who do not have clinically apparent asthma. It can be found under the brand name Provocholine. Asthma is a complex condition associated with phenomena such as airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), in which the smooth muscle in the airways (ASM) excessively contracts in response to stimuli, reducing pulmonary function and causing symptoms such as difficulty breathing. Although the underlying pathology of AHR is complex, ASM contraction can be stimulated by cholinergic agonists that activate M3 muscarinic receptors that stimulate ASM contraction. Methacholine is a non-specific cholinergic agonist (parasympathomimetic) that acts through muscarinic receptors in the lungs to induce bronchoconstriction. In patients with AHR, a lower dose of methacholine is required to induce bronchoconstriction, which forms the basis for the methacholine challenge test to diagnose AHR. The inhibitory effect of M2 agonism by methacholine is likely also important, as shown by animal studies using mice with impaired M2 function, and by observations that eosinophilic inflammation, such as occurs in asthma, negatively impacts M2 function. Hence, asthmatic patients are more sensitive to inhaled cholinergic agonists such as methacholine; this forms the basis for the methacholine challenge test, which diagnoses AHR through an increased methacholine-induced response. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Hayley Created On: August 15, 2023 at 13:27 Last Updated: August 15, 2023 at 13:27
PW127960 View Pathway	drug action Methacholine M3 Bronchoconstriction Action Pathway Homo sapiens Methacholine is a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor used to diagnose bronchial hyperreactivity in subjects who do not have clinically apparent asthma. It can be found under the brand name Provocholine. Asthma is a complex condition associated with phenomena such as airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), in which the smooth muscle in the airways (ASM) excessively contracts in response to stimuli, reducing pulmonary function and causing symptoms such as difficulty breathing. Although the underlying pathology of AHR is complex, ASM contraction can be stimulated by cholinergic agonists that activate M3 muscarinic receptors that stimulate ASM contraction. Methacholine is a non-specific cholinergic agonist (parasympathomimetic) that acts through muscarinic receptors in the lungs to induce bronchoconstriction. In patients with AHR, a lower dose of methacholine is required to induce bronchoconstriction, which forms the basis for the methacholine challenge test to diagnose AHR. Activation of M3 receptors results in ASM contraction and resulting bronchoconstriction through downstream calcium-dependent signalling pathways, while M2 activation inhibits neuronal acetylcholine release. Possible side effects of using methacholine may include headache, sore throat, nausea, and dizziness. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Hayley Created On: June 22, 2023 at 13:32 Last Updated: June 22, 2023 at 13:32
PW124402 View Pathway	drug action Methacycline Homo sapiens Methacycline is a tetracycline antibiotic, meaning its structure contains that of four fused rings. This broad-spectrum antibiotic is used against gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria, although its use has been reduced due to increased development of resistance by the bacteria. It is administered via an oral capsule and possesses a half-life of 14 hours. It is commonly used as it is excreted slowly out of the body and thus maintains effective levels for a longer period of time. It inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting translation, this is done by binding to the ribosomal subunit. Methacycline binds to 16S of the 30S subunit which prevents amino-acyl tRNA from being transferred to site A of the ribosome. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Selena Created On: December 21, 2020 at 20:33 Last Updated: December 21, 2020 at 20:33
PW124339 View Pathway	drug action Methacycline Homo sapiens Methacycline is a tetracycline antibiotic. Similar to other tetracyclines, it has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action. It is active against most Gram-positive bacteria (pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, salmonella, shigella, etc.), and towards agents causing onithosis, psittacosis, trachoma, and some Protozoa. Like other tetracyclines, the general usefulness of methacycline has been reduced with the onset of bacterial resistance.Methacycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, is a protein synthesis inhibitors, inhibiting the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex. Methacycline inhibits cell growth by inhibiting translation. It binds to the 16S part of the 30S ribosomal subunit and prevents the amino-acyl tRNA from binding to the A site of the ribosome. The binding is reversible in nature. Tetracyclines also have been found to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases. This mechanism does not add to their antibiotic effects, but has led to extensive research on chemically modified tetracyclines or CMTs (like incyclinide) for the treatmet of rosacea, acne, and various types of neoplasms. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Dorsa Yahya Rayat Created On: November 12, 2020 at 13:44 Last Updated: November 12, 2020 at 13:44
PW000704 View Pathway	drug action Methacycline Action Pathway Homo sapiens Methacycline is a type of tettracycline antibiotic, which can inhibiting the aminoacyl-tRNA bind to mRNA-ribosome complex (16S part of 30S ribosomal subunit). Binding og mRNA-ribosome complex can prevent translation of RNA to protein which result in inhibtion of cell growth. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: June 23, 2014 at 03:48 Last Updated: June 23, 2014 at 03:48
PW147008 View Pathway	metabolic Methacycline Drug Metabolism Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 10, 2023 at 13:38 Last Updated: October 10, 2023 at 13:38
PW000414 View Pathway	drug action Methadone Action Pathway Homo sapiens Methadone exerts its analgesic by acting on the mu-opioid receptor of sensory neurons. Binding to the mu-opioid receptor activates associated G(i) proteins. These subsequently act to inhibit adenylate cyclase, reducing the level of intracellular cAMP. G(i) also activates potassium channels and inactivates calcium channels causing the neuron to hyperpolarize. The end result is decreased nerve conduction and reduced neurotransmitter release, which blocks the perception of pain signals. Methadone further acts as an antagonist at the NMDA receptor, reducting calcium influx and neuronal excitability. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: August 22, 2013 at 10:46 Last Updated: August 22, 2013 at 10:46
PW144459 View Pathway	drug action Methadone Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 13:40 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 13:40
PW000600 View Pathway	drug metabolism Methadone Metabolism Pathway Homo sapiens Methadone exerts its analgesic by acting on the mu-opioid receptor of sensory neurons. Binding to the mu-opioid receptor activates associated G(i) proteins. These subsequently act to inhibit adenylate cyclase, reducing the level of intracellular cAMP. G(i) also activates potassium channels and inactivates calcium channels causing the neuron to hyperpolarize. The end result is decreased nerve conduction and reduced neurotransmitter release, which blocks the perception of pain signals. Methadone further acts as an antagonist at the NMDA receptor, reducting calcium influx and neuronal excitability. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: September 11, 2013 at 22:33 Last Updated: September 11, 2013 at 22:33