PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW128010 View Pathway	drug action Propantheline Action Pathway Homo sapiens Propantheline is an antimuscarinic agent used to treat urinary incontinence, hyperhidrosis, as well as cramps and spasms of the stomach, intestines, and bladder. For the treatment of enuresis. It has also been used for hyperhidrosis, and cramps or spasms of the stomach, intestines or bladder. Propantheline is an anticholinergic drug, a medication that reduces the effect of acetylcholine, a chemical released from nerves that stimulates muscles, by blocking the receptors for acetylcholine on smooth muscle (a type of muscle). It also has a direct relaxing effect on smooth muscle. Propantheline is used to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract in the irritable bowel syndrome. Action is achieved via a dual mechanism: (1) a specific anticholinergic effect (antimuscarinic) at the acetylcholine-receptor sites and (2) a direct effect upon smooth muscle (musculotropic). Propantheline is administered as an oral tablet. Possible side effects may include dry mouth, dizziness, nervousness, and headache. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Hayley Created On: June 29, 2023 at 09:47 Last Updated: June 29, 2023 at 09:47
PW144890 View Pathway	drug action Propantheline Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:38 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:38
PW176228 View Pathway	metabolic Propantheline Predicted Metabolism Pathway Homo sapiens Metabolites of Propantheline are predicted with biotransformer. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: December 04, 2023 at 12:57 Last Updated: December 04, 2023 at 12:57
PW126577 View Pathway	drug action Proparacaine Homo sapiens Proparacaine is a topical anesthetic that is made up of an amino ester group and used for local anesthetic. Proparacaine acts on the neuronal membrane and inhibits ionic flux therefore inhibiting action potential. It also binds and antagonizes the function of voltage gated sodium channels. There is an unknown mechanism where proparacaine may limit sodium ion permeability through the lipid layer of the nerve cell membrane. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Selena Created On: January 16, 2022 at 16:51 Last Updated: January 16, 2022 at 16:51
PW000409 View Pathway	drug action Proparacaine Action Pathway Homo sapiens Proparacaine exerts its local anaesthetic effect by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels in peripheral neurons. Proparacaine diffuses across the neuronal plasma membrane in its uncharged base form. Once inside the cytoplasm, it is protonated and this protonated form enters and blocks the pore of the voltage-gated sodium channel from the cytoplasmic side. For this to happen, the sodium channel must first become active so that so that gating mechanism is in the open state. Therefore proparacaine preferentially inhibits neurons that are actively firing. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: August 22, 2013 at 10:45 Last Updated: August 22, 2013 at 10:45
PW144914 View Pathway	drug action Proparacaine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:41 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:41
PW147025 View Pathway	metabolic Propericiazine Drug Metabolism Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 10, 2023 at 13:40 Last Updated: October 10, 2023 at 13:40
PW146106 View Pathway	drug action Propiolactone Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 17:25 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 17:25
PW144886 View Pathway	drug action Propiomazine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:38 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:38
PW147094 View Pathway	drug action Propiomazine H1 Antihistamine Neurological Sleep Action Pathway Homo sapiens Propiomazine is an ethanolamine class H1 antihistamine used to treat insomnia and allergy symptoms such as hay fever and hives. It is also used with pyridoxine in the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. H1-antihistamines interfere with the agonist action of histamine at the H1 receptor and are administered to attenuate inflammatory process in order to treat conditions such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria. Wakefulness is regulated by histamine in the tuberomammillary nucleus, a part of the hypothalamus. Histidine is decarboxylated into histamine in the neuron. Histamine is transported into synaptic vesicles by a monoamine transporter then released into the synapse. Normally histamine would activate the H1 histamine receptor on the post-synaptic neuron in the tuberomammillary nucleus. Propiomazine inhibits the H1 histamine receptor, preventing the depolarization of the post-synaptic neuron. This prevents the wakefulness signal from being sent to the major areas of the brain, causing sleepiness. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 10, 2023 at 14:44 Last Updated: October 10, 2023 at 14:44