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Pathways

PathWhiz ID Pathway Meta Data

PW144914

Pw144914 View Pathway
drug action

Proparacaine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Homo sapiens

PW000409

Pw000409 View Pathway
drug action

Proparacaine Action Pathway

Homo sapiens
Proparacaine exerts its local anaesthetic effect by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels in peripheral neurons. Proparacaine diffuses across the neuronal plasma membrane in its uncharged base form. Once inside the cytoplasm, it is protonated and this protonated form enters and blocks the pore of the voltage-gated sodium channel from the cytoplasmic side. For this to happen, the sodium channel must first become active so that so that gating mechanism is in the open state. Therefore proparacaine preferentially inhibits neurons that are actively firing.

PW126577

Pw126577 View Pathway
drug action

Proparacaine

Homo sapiens
Proparacaine is a topical anesthetic that is made up of an amino ester group and used for local anesthetic. Proparacaine acts on the neuronal membrane and inhibits ionic flux therefore inhibiting action potential. It also binds and antagonizes the function of voltage gated sodium channels. There is an unknown mechanism where proparacaine may limit sodium ion permeability through the lipid layer of the nerve cell membrane.

PW176228

Pw176228 View Pathway
metabolic

Propantheline Predicted Metabolism Pathway

Homo sapiens
Metabolites of Propantheline are predicted with biotransformer.

PW144890

Pw144890 View Pathway
drug action

Propantheline Drug Metabolism Action Pathway

Homo sapiens

PW128010

Pw128010 View Pathway
drug action

Propantheline Action Pathway

Homo sapiens
Propantheline is an antimuscarinic agent used to treat urinary incontinence, hyperhidrosis, as well as cramps and spasms of the stomach, intestines, and bladder. For the treatment of enuresis. It has also been used for hyperhidrosis, and cramps or spasms of the stomach, intestines or bladder. Propantheline is an anticholinergic drug, a medication that reduces the effect of acetylcholine, a chemical released from nerves that stimulates muscles, by blocking the receptors for acetylcholine on smooth muscle (a type of muscle). It also has a direct relaxing effect on smooth muscle. Propantheline is used to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract in the irritable bowel syndrome. Action is achieved via a dual mechanism: (1) a specific anticholinergic effect (antimuscarinic) at the acetylcholine-receptor sites and (2) a direct effect upon smooth muscle (musculotropic). Propantheline is administered as an oral tablet. Possible side effects may include dry mouth, dizziness, nervousness, and headache.

PW501145

Pw501145 View Pathway
metabolic

Propanoyl-CoA Degradation

Citrobacter youngae ATCC 29220
The degradation of propanoyl-CoA starts with propanoyl-CoA undergoing a decarboxylase reaction by reacting with hydrogen carbonate and ATP resulting in the release of a phosphate, an ADP, a hydrogen ion and an S-methylmalonyl-CoA. This compound in turn reacts through an epimerase reaction resulting in the release of a R-methylmalonyl-CoA. This compound in turn can undergo a reversible reaction through a methylmalonyl-CoA mutase resulting in the release of a succinyl-CoA. This compound can be converted back to R-methylmalonyl-CoA through a methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Methylmalonyl-CoA can then be converted into propanoyl-CoA through a methylmalonyl CoA decarboxylase . This compound in turn reacts with a succinate through a propionyl-CoA succinate CoA transferase resulting in the release of a propanoate and a succinyl-CoA.

PW501246

Pw501246 View Pathway
metabolic

Propanoyl-CoA Degradation

Kluyvera ascorbata ATCC 33433
The degradation of propanoyl-CoA starts with propanoyl-CoA undergoing a decarboxylase reaction by reacting with hydrogen carbonate and ATP resulting in the release of a phosphate, an ADP, a hydrogen ion and an S-methylmalonyl-CoA. This compound in turn reacts through an epimerase reaction resulting in the release of a R-methylmalonyl-CoA. This compound in turn can undergo a reversible reaction through a methylmalonyl-CoA mutase resulting in the release of a succinyl-CoA. This compound can be converted back to R-methylmalonyl-CoA through a methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Methylmalonyl-CoA can then be converted into propanoyl-CoA through a methylmalonyl CoA decarboxylase . This compound in turn reacts with a succinate through a propionyl-CoA succinate CoA transferase resulting in the release of a propanoate and a succinyl-CoA.

PW495660

Pw495660 View Pathway
metabolic

Propanoyl-CoA Degradation

Escherichia coli (strain UTI89 / UPEC)
The degradation of propanoyl-CoA starts with propanoyl-CoA undergoing a decarboxylase reaction by reacting with hydrogen carbonate and ATP resulting in the release of a phosphate, an ADP, a hydrogen ion and an S-methylmalonyl-CoA. This compound in turn reacts through an epimerase reaction resulting in the release of a R-methylmalonyl-CoA. This compound in turn can undergo a reversible reaction through a methylmalonyl-CoA mutase resulting in the release of a succinyl-CoA. This compound can be converted back to R-methylmalonyl-CoA through a methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Methylmalonyl-CoA can then be converted into propanoyl-CoA through a methylmalonyl CoA decarboxylase . This compound in turn reacts with a succinate through a propionyl-CoA succinate CoA transferase resulting in the release of a propanoate and a succinyl-CoA.

PW497914

Pw497914 View Pathway
metabolic

Propanoyl-CoA Degradation

Megasphaera elsdenii DSM 20460
The degradation of propanoyl-CoA starts with propanoyl-CoA undergoing a decarboxylase reaction by reacting with hydrogen carbonate and ATP resulting in the release of a phosphate, an ADP, a hydrogen ion and an S-methylmalonyl-CoA. This compound in turn reacts through an epimerase reaction resulting in the release of a R-methylmalonyl-CoA. This compound in turn can undergo a reversible reaction through a methylmalonyl-CoA mutase resulting in the release of a succinyl-CoA. This compound can be converted back to R-methylmalonyl-CoA through a methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Methylmalonyl-CoA can then be converted into propanoyl-CoA through a methylmalonyl CoA decarboxylase . This compound in turn reacts with a succinate through a propionyl-CoA succinate CoA transferase resulting in the release of a propanoate and a succinyl-CoA.