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Pathway Description
Malate-Aspartate Shuttle
Homo sapiens
Metabolic Pathway
The malate-aspartate shuttle system, also called the malate shuttle, is an essential system used by mitochondria, that allows electrons to move across the impermeable membrane between the cytosol and the mitochondrial matrix. The electrons are created during glycolysis, and are needed for oxidative phosphorylation. The malate-aspartate shuttle is needed as the inner membrane is not permeable to NADH or NAD+, but is permeable to the ions that attach to malate. When the malate gets inside the membrane,the energy inside of malate is taken out by creating NADH from NAD+, which regenerates oxaloacetate. NADH can then transfer electrons to the electron transport chain.
References
Malate-Aspartate Shuttle References
Lehninger, A.L. Lehninger principles of biochemistry (4th ed.) (2005). New York: W.H Freeman.
Salway, J.G. Metabolism at a glance (3rd ed.) (2004). Alden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub.
Lu M, Zhou L, Stanley WC, Cabrera ME, Saidel GM, Yu X: Role of the malate-aspartate shuttle on the metabolic response to myocardial ischemia. J Theor Biol. 2008 Sep 21;254(2):466-75. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.05.033. Epub 2008 Jul 7.
Pubmed: 18603266
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