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Pathway Description
Leucine Stimulation on Insulin Signaling
Homo sapiens
Signaling Pathway
The branched chain amino acid (BCAA) leucine is able to signal transduction pathways that modulate translation initiation for protein synthesis in skeleton muscles. In the presence of leucine, hyperphosphorylation of 4E-BP1 causes its affinity for eIF4E to be lowered. This allows eIF4F protein complexes to recognize, unfold and guide the mRNA to the 43S preinitiation complex thereby increasing translation initiation. In addition, leucine has a transient affect on the release of insulin and/or enhances sensitivity of muscle cells to insulin. A culmination of both signals at the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and perhaps other signaling, such as PKCĪ“, are needed for maximum translation initiation to occur.
References
Leucine Stimulation on Insulin Signaling References
Anthony JC, Anthony TG, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS: Signaling pathways involved in translational control of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by leucine. J Nutr. 2001 Mar;131(3):856S-860S. doi: 10.1093/jn/131.3.856S.
Pubmed: 11238774
Norton LE, Layman DK: Leucine regulates translation initiation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle after exercise. J Nutr. 2006 Feb;136(2):533S-537S. doi: 10.1093/jn/136.2.533S.
Pubmed: 16424142
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