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Pathway Description
Mannose Metabolism
Escherichia coli
Metabolic Pathway
Escherichia coli can utilize D-mannose for its sole carbon and energy source. Alpha-D-mannose is introduced into the cytoplasm through a mannose PTS permease. A phosphotransferase system (PTS) takes up mannose producing D-mannose-6-phosphate which is then converted to D-fructose-6-phosphate via an isomerase. D-fructose-6-phosphate is an intermediate of glycolysis and can enter the pathways of metabolism. The first two enzymes in the pathway catalyze isomerizations that interconvert phosphorylated aldohexoses (β-D-glucose-6-phosphate, D-mannose-6-phosphate) and phosphorylated ketohexoses (D-fructose-6-phosphate). The reaction catalyzed by mannose-6-phosphate isomerase that produces D-mannose-6-phosphate is the first committed step in the biosynthesis of the activated mannose donor GDP-α-D-mannose. D-mannose-6-phosphate is then converted to GDP-D-mannose by the interaction of phosphomannomutase and mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase. GDP-D-mannose produces GDP-L-fucose beginning with the dehydration to GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose. GDP-fucose is synthesized by a two step epimerase and reductase of GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose. L-fucose then enters the colanic acid building blocks biosynthesis pathway.
References
Mannose Metabolism References
Escherichia coli and Salmonella: Cellular and Molecular Biology (EcoSal). Online edition.
Gao H, Chen Y, Leary JA: Kinetic measurements of phosphoglucose isomerase and phosphomannose isomerase by direct analysis of phosphorylated aldose–ketose isomers using tandem mass spectrometry. International Journal Of Mass Spectrometry. 2005 Feb 01;240(3):291-299. doi: 10.1016/j.ijms.2004.09.017.
Honghong J, Fuping L, Yu L, Xiaoguang L, Yihan L, Hongbin W, Jing L, Yueting C: Synthesis of GDP-mannose using coupling fermentation of recombinant Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Lett. 2011 Jun;33(6):1145-50. doi: 10.1007/s10529-011-0547-2. Epub 2011 Feb 4.
Pubmed: 21293904
Sampaio MM, Santos H, Boos W: Synthesis of GDP-mannose and mannosylglycerate from labeled mannose by genetically engineered Escherichia coli without loss of specific isotopic enrichment. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Jan;69(1):233-40.
Pubmed: 12514000
Stevenson G, Andrianopoulos K, Hobbs M, Reeves PR: Organization of the Escherichia coli K-12 gene cluster responsible for production of the extracellular polysaccharide colanic acid. J Bacteriol. 1996 Aug;178(16):4885-93.
Pubmed: 8759852
Andrianopoulos K, Wang L, Reeves PR: Identification of the fucose synthetase gene in the colanic acid gene cluster of Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1998 Feb;180(4):998-1001.
Pubmed: 9473059
Lau ST, Tanner ME: Mechanism and active site residues of GDP-fucose synthase. J Am Chem Soc. 2008 Dec 24;130(51):17593-602. doi: 10.1021/ja807799k.
Pubmed: 19053199
Lee WH, Chin YW, Han NS, Kim MD, Seo JH: Enhanced production of GDP-L-fucose by overexpression of NADPH regenerator in recombinant Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2011 Aug;91(4):967-76. doi: 10.1007/s00253-011-3271-x. Epub 2011 May 3.
Pubmed: 21538115
Lee WH, Shin SY, Kim MD, Han NS, Seo JH: Modulation of guanosine nucleotides biosynthetic pathways enhanced GDP-L-fucose production in recombinant Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012 Mar;93(6):2327-34. doi: 10.1007/s00253-011-3776-3. Epub 2011 Dec 13.
Pubmed: 22159740
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