PathWhiz

Pathway Description

Quorum Sensing

Escherichia coli

Signaling Pathway

Bacterial Autoinducer 2 (AI-2) mediates the quorum sensing 2 system. AI-2 is catalyzed by the luxS enzyme found in both E.coli and S.typhimurium. In E. coli and most pathogenic bacteria that form AI-2 are spontaneous transformations that include cyclization to (2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one and hydration to the final autoinducer (2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran. This product is then released from the cell through the AI-2 transporter (tqsA). As the level of AI-2 increases, other cells detect it and import it through the autoinducer-2 ABC transporter (lsrACDB). AI-2 is then degraded in the cells by phosphorylating the AI-2 which is then isomerized to P-HPD. Finally there is a transfer of P-HPD's acetyl group to coenzyme A and the release of dihydroxyacetone phosphates.

References

Quorum Sensing References

Marques JC, Oh IK, Ly DC, Lamosa P, Ventura MR, Miller ST, Xavier KB: LsrF, a coenzyme A-dependent thiolase, catalyzes the terminal step in processing the quorum sensing signal autoinducer-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Sep 30;111(39):14235-40. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1408691111. Epub 2014 Sep 15.

Pubmed: 25225400

Li J, Attila C, Wang L, Wood TK, Valdes JJ, Bentley WE: Quorum sensing in Escherichia coli is signaled by AI-2/LsrR: effects on small RNA and biofilm architecture. J Bacteriol. 2007 Aug;189(16):6011-20. doi: 10.1128/JB.00014-07. Epub 2007 Jun 8.

Pubmed: 17557827

Hardie KR, Heurlier K: Establishing bacterial communities by 'word of mouth': LuxS and autoinducer 2 in biofilm development. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2008 Aug;6(8):635-43. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1916. Epub 2008 Jun 9.

Pubmed: 18536728

Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.

Visualize Compound Data

		S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine
		(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran
		(2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one
		(4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3-pentanedione 5-phosphate
		3-hydroxy-2,4-pentanedione 5-phosphate
		4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione
		Acetyl-CoA
		Adenine
		Adenosine diphosphate
		Adenosine triphosphate
		autoinducer 2
		Coenzyme A
		Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
		Dimethylglycine
		Homocysteine
		Hydrogen Ion
		Phosphoribosyl-ATP
		Pyrophosphate
		S-Adenosylhomocysteine
		S-Adenosylmethionine
		Water
		βine

Visualize Protein Data

		5'-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase
		3-hydroxy-2,4-pentadione 5-phosphate thiolase
		AI-2 ABC transporter - ATP binding subunit A
		AI-2 transport protein TqsA
		Autoinducer 2 import system permease protein lsrC
		Autoinducer 2 import system permease protein lsrD
		Autoinducer-2 ABC transporter - periplasmic binding protein B
		autoinducer-2 kinase
		phospho-AI-2 isomerase
		S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase
		Transcriptional regulator LsrR

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