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Pathway Description
Methylglyoxal Degradation IV
Escherichia coli
Metabolic Pathway
Methylglyoxal, also known as pyruvaldehyde, is a cytotoxic compound derived from pyruvic acid. In E. coli, there are at least eight pathways that are responsible for the detoxification of methylglyoxal. The first reaction in this pathway is the reduction of pyruvaldehyde to (S)-lactaldehyde, along with the cofactor NADH, catalyzed by 2,5-diketo-D-gluconic acid reductase subunits A and B. Following this, (S)-lactaldehyde is dehydrogenated into L-lactic acid by the lactaldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme, also using NAD as a cofactor. Finally, L-lactic acid is converted to pyruvic acid by L-lactate dehydrogenase in a reaction involving the reduction of an electron acceptor. Pyruvic acid is then used in glycolysis and pyruvate dehydrogenase pathways.
References
Methylglyoxal Degradation IV References
Shapira B, Tubi N, Lerer B: Balancing speed of response to ECT in major depression and adverse cognitive effects: role of treatment schedule. J ECT. 2000 Jun;16(2):97-109.
Pubmed: 10868320
Inoue Y, Rhee H, Watanabe K, Murata K, Kimura A: Metabolism of 2-oxoaldehyde in mold. Purification and characterization of two methylglyoxal reductases from Aspergillus niger. Eur J Biochem. 1988 Jan 15;171(1-2):213-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb13778.x.
Pubmed: 3276516
Kalapos MP: Methylglyoxal in living organisms: chemistry, biochemistry, toxicology and biological implications. Toxicol Lett. 1999 Nov 22;110(3):145-75. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00160-5.
Pubmed: 10597025
Murata K, Fukuda Y, Simosaka M, Watanabe K, Saikusa T, Kimura A: Metabolism of 2-oxoaldehyde in yeasts. Purification and characterization of NADPH-dependent methylglyoxal-reducing enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eur J Biochem. 1985 Sep 16;151(3):631-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb09151.x.
Pubmed: 3896793
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