The synthesis of beta-alanine starts with the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) from methionine. SAM is then used to synthesized S-adenosylmethionineamine which then reacts with putrescine through a spermidine synthase resulting in the release of 5'-methylthioadenosine and spermidine. The latter compound reacts with S-adenosylmethioninamine through spermine synthase resulting in the release of spermine and 5'-methylthioadenosine. Spermine reacts with water and oxygen through a polyamine oxidase resulting in the release of hydrogen peroxide, spermidine, and 3-aminopropanal. The latter compound reacts with an aldehyde dehydrogenase resulting in the release of beta-alanine. The degradation of beta-alanine leads to the production of coenzyme A which reacts with (R)-pantoate through an ATP-driven pantoate-beta-alanine ligase resulting in the release of pantothenic acid. The latter compound is then phosphorylated through a pantothenate kinase resulting in the release of D-4'-phosphopantothenate. This compound then reacts with L-cysteine and cytidine triphosphate through a phosphopantothenate cysteine ligase resulting in the release of cytidine monophosphate and 4'-phosphopantothenoylcysteine. The latter compound is then decarboxylated through a phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase resulting in the release of carbon dioxide and 4'-phosphopantethiene. The latter compound is then converted into dephospho-CoA through a pantetheine phosphate adenyltransferase. Dephospho-CoA is finally phosphorylated by a dephospho-CoA kinase resulting in the production of coenzyme A.

beta-Alanine Metabolism References