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Pathway Description
Amino Sugar and Nucleotide Sugar Metabolism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Metabolic Pathway
The metabolism of aminosugars begins with D-fructose being phosphorylated resulting in the release of Beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate.
Beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate can react in 3 different paths:
1.-Beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate reacts with glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase resulting in the release of glucosamine 6-phosphate. This compound then reacts with glucosamine phosphate N-acetyltransferase resulting in the releaase of N-acetyl-D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate. This compound then reacts with a phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase resulting in the release of N-acetyl-glucosamine 1-phosphate. The latter compound reacts with a UTP through a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase resulting in the release of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. This compound is then used to produce chiting
2.-Beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate reacts with a mannose isomerase to release mannose 6-phosphate. The latter compound then reacts with a phosphomutase resulting in the release of mannose 1-phosphate. This in turn reacts with a GTP through a PSA1 resulting in the release of a guanosine diphosphate mannose.
3.-Beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate reacts with a glucose isomerase to release a beta-d-glucose 6 phosphate. This compound reacts wth phosphoglucomutase resulting in the release of glucose 1phosphate. This compound then reacts with a UTP through a uridinephosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase resulting in the release of UDP and a UDP-glucose.
UDP-glucose reacts with a bifunctional protein GAL10 resulting in the release of Uridine diphosphategalactose. This compound reacts in a reversible reaction with glucose 1-phosphate through a Galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase resulting in the release of UDP-glucose and galactose 1-phosphate.
References
Amino Sugar and Nucleotide Sugar Metabolism References
Hashimoto H, Sakakibara A, Yamasaki M, Yoda K: Saccharomyces cerevisiae VIG9 encodes GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase, which is essential for protein glycosylation. J Biol Chem. 1997 Jun 27;272(26):16308-14.
Pubmed: 9195935
Kepes F, Schekman R: The yeast SEC53 gene encodes phosphomannomutase. J Biol Chem. 1988 Jul 5;263(19):9155-61.
Pubmed: 3288631
Orlean P, Albright C, Robbins PW: Cloning and sequencing of the yeast gene for dolichol phosphate mannose synthase, an essential protein. J Biol Chem. 1988 Nov 25;263(33):17499-507.
Pubmed: 3053713
Warit S, Zhang N, Short A, Walmsley RM, Oliver SG, Stateva LI: Glycosylation deficiency phenotypes resulting from depletion of GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase in two yeast species. Mol Microbiol. 2000 Jun;36(5):1156-66.
Pubmed: 10844699
Ball S, Colleoni C, Cenci U, Raj JN, Tirtiaux C: The evolution of glycogen and starch metabolism in eukaryotes gives molecular clues to understand the establishment of plastid endosymbiosis. J Exp Bot. 2011 Mar;62(6):1775-801. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erq411. Epub 2011 Jan 10.
Pubmed: 21220783
Bulik DA, Olczak M, Lucero HA, Osmond BC, Robbins PW, Specht CA: Chitin synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to supplementation of growth medium with glucosamine and cell wall stress. Eukaryot Cell. 2003 Oct;2(5):886-900.
Pubmed: 14555471
Milewski S, Gabriel I, Olchowy J: Enzymes of UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis in yeast. Yeast. 2006 Jan 15;23(1):1-14. doi: 10.1002/yea.1337.
Pubmed: 16408321
Hofmann M, Boles E, Zimmermann FK: Characterization of the essential yeast gene encoding N-acetylglucosamine-phosphate mutase. Eur J Biochem. 1994 Apr 15;221(2):741-7.
Pubmed: 8174553
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