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Pathway Description
Arginine Metabolism
Arabidopsis thaliana
Metabolic Pathway
The metabolism of arginine begins like glutamic acid reacting with acetyl-CoA through a amino-acid acetyltransferase resulting in the release of coenzyme A, hydrogen ion and a N-acetyl-L-glutamate. The latter reacts with an ATP through acetylglutamate kinase resulting in the release of ADP and N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate. The latter then reacts with an NADPH and a Hydrogen ion through a n-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase resulting in the release of phosphate, NADP and N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde. The latter compound reacts with L-glutamate through an acetylornithine transaminase resulting in the release of oxoglutaric acid and N-acetyl-L-ornithine. The latter reacts with Water through a acetylornithine deacetylase resulting in the release of acetate and L-ornithine. Ornithine can also be produced by the acetyl cycle. The acetyl cycle starts with N-acetylglutamic acid being phosphorylated through an acetylglutamate kinase resulting in the release of ADP and N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate. The latter compound reacts with NADPH and a hydrogen ion through a N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase resulting in the release of a phosphate, NADP and N-acetyl-L-glutamic 5-semialdehyde. The latter reacts with L-glutamate through an acetyl ornithine transaminase resulting in the release of oxoglutaric acid and N-acetylornithine. The latter compound reacts with L-glutamic acid resulting in the release of L-ornithine and N-acetylglutamate. The latter compound starts the cycle over again.
Ornithine reacts with carbomoyl phosphate through an OTC resulting in the release of phosphate, hydrogen ion and L-citrulline. The latter compound reacts with ATP, and L-aspartate through a argininosuccinate synthase resulting in the release of AMP, diphosphate, hydrogen ion and L-arginino-succinate. The latter compound reacts with argininosuccinate lyase resulting in the release of fumarate and l-arginine.
Arginine reacts with water through arginase resulting in the release of urea and l-ornithine. Ornithine reacts with oxoglutaric acid through an ornithine aminotransferase resulting in the release of glutamic acid and l-glutamate 5- semialdehyde which can spontaneously react to produce S-pyrroline-5-carboxylate. The latter reacts with pyrroline 5-carboxylate reductase resulting in the release of proline.
Arginine eacts with water through arginase resulting in the release of urea and l-ornithine. Ornithine reacts with oxoglutaric acid through an ornithine aminotransferase resulting in the release of glutamic acid and l-glutamate 5- semialdehyde react with pyrroline 5 carboxylate dehydrogenase resulting in the release of glutamic acid.
References
Arginine Metabolism References
Brownfield DL, Todd CD, Deyholos MK: Analysis of Arabidopsis arginase gene transcription patterns indicates specific biological functions for recently diverged paralogs. Plant Mol Biol. 2008 Jul;67(4):429-40. doi: 10.1007/s11103-008-9336-2. Epub 2008 Apr 19.
Pubmed: 18425591
Roosens NH, Thu TT, Iskandar HM, Jacobs M: Isolation of the ornithine-delta-aminotransferase cDNA and effect of salt stress on its expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. 1998 May;117(1):263-71.
Pubmed: 9576796
Verbruggen N, Villarroel R, Van Montagu M: Osmoregulation of a pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. 1993 Nov;103(3):771-81.
Pubmed: 8022935
Zonia LE, Stebbins NE, Polacco JC: Essential role of urease in germination of nitrogen-limited Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Plant Physiol. 1995 Apr;107(4):1097-103.
Pubmed: 7770520
Chen YM, Ferrar TS, Lohmeier-Vogel EM, Morrice N, Mizuno Y, Berenger B, Ng KK, Muench DG, Moorhead GB: The PII signal transduction protein of Arabidopsis thaliana forms an arginine-regulated complex with plastid N-acetyl glutamate kinase. J Biol Chem. 2006 Mar 3;281(9):5726-33. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M510945200. Epub 2005 Dec 23.
Pubmed: 16377628
Potel F, Valadier MH, Ferrario-Mery S, Grandjean O, Morin H, Gaufichon L, Boutet-Mercey S, Lothier J, Rothstein SJ, Hirose N, Suzuki A: Assimilation of excess ammonium into amino acids and nitrogen translocation in Arabidopsis thaliana--roles of glutamate synthases and carbamoylphosphate synthetase in leaves. FEBS J. 2009 Aug;276(15):4061-76. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07114.x. Epub 2009 Jun 22.
Pubmed: 19555410
Taira M, Valtersson U, Burkhardt B, Ludwig RA: Arabidopsis thaliana GLN2-encoded glutamine synthetase is dual targeted to leaf mitochondria and chloroplasts. Plant Cell. 2004 Aug;16(8):2048-58. doi: 10.1105/tpc.104.022046. Epub 2004 Jul 23.
Pubmed: 15273293
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