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Pathway Description
Drosopterin and Aurodrosopterin Biosynthesis
Drosophila melanogaster
Metabolic Pathway
Drosopterin and aurodrosopterin are two of the 5 or more red pigment components involved in Drosophila eye color. Both are similar compounds, with aurodrosopterin lacking an amino group compared to drosopterin. Their synthesis starts with GTP, which is hydrolyzed by GTP cyclohydrolase to form 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate. 7,8-dihydroneopterin 3'-triphosphate then has its triphosphate group cleaved by 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase to form (6R)-6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin (dyspropterin). A currently unknown reaction occurs to convert dyspropterin to 7,8-dihydropterin during which a side-chain is removed. This reaction could be spontaneous or enzyme catalyzed. From there, 7,8-dihydropterin is deaminated by 7,8-dihydropterin deaminase, forming 7,8-dihydrolymazine. Dyspropterin is also catalyzed by pyrimidodiazepine synthase to form 2-amino-6-acetyl-3,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3H-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepin-4-one (pyrimidodiazepine). Pyrimidodiazepine can spontaneously react with either 7,8-dihydropterin to form drosopterin, or 7,8-dihydrolymazine to form aurodrosopterin, which is the final product of this pathway.
References
Drosopterin and Aurodrosopterin Biosynthesis References
Giordano E, Peluso I, Rendina R, Digilio A, Furia M: The clot gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a conserved member of the thioredoxin-like protein superfamily. Mol Genet Genomics. 2003 Feb;268(5):692-7. doi: 10.1007/s00438-002-0792-0. Epub 2003 Jan 18.
Pubmed: 12589444
Dorsett D, Yim JJ, Jacobson KB: Biosynthesis of "drosopterins" by an enzyme system from Drosophila melanogaster. Biochemistry. 1979 Jun 12;18(12):2596-600.
Pubmed: 109114
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