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Vitamin D3 receptor Vitamin D3 receptor Vitamin D3 receptor Vitamin D3 receptor Vitamin D 25-hydroxylase Vitamin D 25-hydroxylase 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha hydroxylase, mitochondrial Calcitriol Vitamin D3 Vitamin D3 Calcidiol Calcidiol Calcidiol Calcitriol Calcitriol Vitamin D3 7- Dehydrocholesterol O2 FMNH2 H2O FMN Alfacalcidol O2 H+ Reduced adrenodoxin Oxidized adrenodoxin H2O Food consumption ( eg dairy products, eggs, and fish) Heme Heme Heme Ultraviolet light Epidermal cell Hepatocyte Proximal tubule cell GI Tract Bone Kidney Parathyroid gland Calcitriol enhances the efficiency of intestinal calcium and phosphorous absorption in the small intestine Calcitriol stimulates calcium reabsorption from the glomerular filtrate in the kidneys Calcitriol decreases parathyroid hormone secretion from the parathyroid gland Calcitriol causes osteoblasts to stimulate a receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (or RANKL) which subsequently interacts with receptor activator of nuclear factor kB (NFkB) on immature preosteoclasts, causing them to become mature bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Such mature osteoclasts ultimately function in removing calcium and phosphorus from bone to maintain blood calcium and phosphorus levels Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria Calcitriol binds to Vitamin D3 receptors in different tissues In conditions like chronic renal failure, renal bone disease, hypoparathyroidism, and vitamin D dependent rickets, the kidneys' capacity for 1α-hydroxylation is impaired, leading to reduced production of endogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) As an active and potent analog of vitamin D, alfacalcidol works to restore the functions and activities of endogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D Alfacalcidol is rapidly converted in the liver to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (caclcitriol)
Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria VDR VDR VDR VDR CYP2R1 CYP2R1 CYP27B1 Calcitriol Vitamin D3 Vitamin D3 Calcidiol Calcidiol Calcidiol Calcitriol Calcitriol Vitamin D3 7- Dehydrocholesterol Oxygen FMNH2 Water FMN Alfacalcidol Oxygen Hydrogen Ion Reduced adrenodoxin Oxidized adrenodoxin Water Food consumption ( eg dairy products, eggs, and fish)
VDR VDR VDR VDR CYP2R1 CYP2R1 CYP27B1 Silkis VitD3 VitD3 Caldero Caldero Caldero Silkis Silkis VitD3 7DHC O2 FMNH2 H2O FMN Alsiodo O2 H+ Red adr Oxi adr H2O F c e Heme Heme Heme Ultraviolet light Epidermal cell Hepatocyte Proximal tubule cell GI Tract Bone Kidney Parathyroid gland Calcitriol enhances the efficiency of intestinal calcium and phosphorous absorption in the small intestine Calcitriol stimulates calcium reabsorption from the glomerular filtrate in the kidneys Calcitriol decreases parathyroid hormone secretion from the parathyroid gland Calcitriol causes osteoblasts to stimulate a receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (or RANKL) which subsequently interacts with receptor activator of nuclear factor kB (NFkB) on immature preosteoclasts, causing them to become mature bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Such mature osteoclasts ultimately function in removing calcium and phosphorus from bone to maintain blood calcium and phosphorus levels Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria Calcitriol binds to Vitamin D3 receptors in different tissues In conditions like chronic renal failure, renal bone disease, hypoparathyroidism, and vitamin D dependent rickets, the kidneys' capacity for 1α-hydroxylation is impaired, leading to reduced production of endogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) As an active and potent analog of vitamin D, alfacalcidol works to restore the functions and activities of endogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D Alfacalcidol is rapidly converted in the liver to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (caclcitriol)
Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria VDR VDR VDR VDR CYP2R1 CYP2R1 CYP27B1 Silkis VitD3 VitD3 Caldero Caldero Caldero Silkis Silkis VitD3 7DHC O2 FMNH2 H2O FMN Alsiodo O2 H+ Red adr Oxi adr H2O F c e