PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW127486 View Pathway	drug action Cabotegravir Action Pathway Homo sapiens Cabotegravir is an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor used for treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis of HIV-1 infection. It is prescribed with the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, rilpivirine. Cabotegravir is transported into the infected cell then transported into the nucleus via importin nuclear transporter. The viral RNA is injected into the cell then transcribed into viral DNA via reverse transcriptase. It is then transported into the nucleus where it is integrated into the host DNA. Cabotegravir inhibits HIV integrase which prevents the viral DNA from being integrated into the host DNA. This prevents viral replication and further progression of the virus. It is used in combination with reverse transcriptase inhibitors which further prevents viral replication and progression of the virus. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: March 15, 2023 at 14:27 Last Updated: March 15, 2023 at 14:27
PW127487 View Pathway	drug action Flucloxacillin Action Pathway Clostridium perfringens (strain 13 / Type A) Flucloxacillin is a narrow spectrum penicillin antibiotic that exerts specific activity against Gram positive organisms in skin and soft tissue infections, except those caused by methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, flucloxacillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that flucloxacillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Karxena Harford Created On: March 16, 2023 at 04:03 Last Updated: March 16, 2023 at 04:03
PW127488 View Pathway	drug action Piperacillin Action Pathway Streptococcus pneumoniae (strain ATCC BAA-255 / R6) Piperacillin is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms. It is combined with tazobactam to treat piperacillin-resistant, piperacillin/tazobactam susceptible, β-lactamase generating strains of several bacteria. By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, Piperacillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that Piperacillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Karxena Harford Created On: March 16, 2023 at 04:57 Last Updated: March 16, 2023 at 04:57
PW127489 View Pathway	drug action Etravirine Action Pathway Homo sapiens Etravirine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV-1 infections in combination with other antiretroviral agents. Etravirine exerts its effects via direct inhibition of the reverse transcriptase enzyme of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and consequently blocks DNA-dependent and RNA-dependent polymerase activity. Etravirine does not inhibit human DNA polymerase alpha, beta or gamma. Less viral proteins produced, fewer viruses can form. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: March 16, 2023 at 15:42 Last Updated: March 16, 2023 at 15:42
PW127491 View Pathway	drug action Phenoxymethylpenicillin Action Pathway Clostridium perfringens (strain 13 / Type A) Phenoxymethylpenicillin (Penicillin V) is a penicillin antibiotic used to prevent and treat mild to moderately severe infections in the respiratory tract, skin, and soft tissues. It is indicated for the treatment of mild to moderately severe infections due to penicillin G¬-sensitive microorganisms, with the use of bacteriological studies (including sensitivity tests) and clinical response. Phenoxymethylpenicillin may be used for the treatment of: 1) mild to moderate infections of the upper respiratory tract, scarlet fever, and mild erysipelas caused by Streptococcus without bacteremia 2) mild to moderately severe infections of the respiratory tract caused by Pneumococcus 3) mild infections of the skin and soft tissues caused by penicillin G-sensitive Staphylococcus 4) mild to moderately severe infections of the oropharynx caused by Fusospirochetosis, including Vincent’s gingivitis and pharyngitis, usually respond to oral penicillin therapy. Phenoxymethylpenicillin inhibits the biosynthesis of cell wall mucopeptide by binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, which are critical in the cell wall synthesis and maintenance, as well as cell division. This disrupts the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. This subsequently leads to cell lysis. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Karxena Harford Created On: March 20, 2023 at 02:30 Last Updated: March 20, 2023 at 02:30
PW127492 View Pathway	drug action Dicloxacillin Action Pathway Streptococcus pneumoniae (strain ATCC BAA-255 / R6) Dicloxacillin is an Dicloxacillin is an oral, second generation penicillin antibiotic that is used to treat bacterial infections caused by penicillinase-resistant staphylococci. Dicloxacillin is a beta-lactamase resistant penicillin similar to oxacillin. Dicloxacillin has in vitro activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Dicloxacillin exerts a bactericidal action against penicillin-susceptible microorganisms during the state of active multiplication. It inhibits the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall. By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, dicloxacillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that dicloxacillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Karxena Harford Created On: March 20, 2023 at 02:58 Last Updated: March 20, 2023 at 02:58
PW127493 View Pathway	drug action Nafcillin Action Pathway Streptococcus pneumoniae (strain ATCC BAA-255 / R6) Nafcillin is a penicillin derivative antibiotic used to treat susceptible staphylococcal and streptococcal infections. Like other penicillins, nafcillin exerts a bactericidal action against penicillin-susceptible microorganisms during the state of active multiplication in the bacterial cell wall synthesis. It inhibits the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall by forming covalent bonds with penicillin-binding proteins that play a critical role in the final transpeptidation process. Binding to penicillin-binding proteins inhibits the transpeptidase and carboxypeptidase activities conferred by these proteins and prevents the formation of the crosslinks. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Karxena Harford Created On: March 20, 2023 at 03:09 Last Updated: March 20, 2023 at 03:09
PW127494 View Pathway	drug action Oxacillin Action Pathway Streptococcus pneumoniae (strain ATCC BAA-255 / R6) Oxacillin is a penicillin antibiotic used to treat a number of susceptible bacterial infections. Oxacillin is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms. By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, Oxacillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that Oxacillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Karxena Harford Created On: March 20, 2023 at 03:22 Last Updated: March 20, 2023 at 03:22
PW127495 View Pathway	drug action Mezlocillin Action Pathway Clostridium perfringens (strain 13 / Type A) Mezlocillin is a broad-spectrum penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms. Mezlocillin binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts the final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and eventually causing cell lysis. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Karxena Harford Created On: March 20, 2023 at 03:47 Last Updated: March 20, 2023 at 03:47
PW127496 View Pathway	drug action Nelfinavir Action Pathway Homo sapiens Nelfinavir is a viral protease inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV infection. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children. The HIV virus binds and penetrates the host cell. Viral RNA is transcribed into viral DNA via reverse transcriptase. Viral DNA enters the host nucleus and is integrated into the host DNA via integrase. The DNA is then transcribed, creating viral mRNA. Viral mRNA is translater into the gag-pol polyprotein. HIV protease is synthesized as part of the Gag-pol polyprotein, where Gag encodes for the capsid and matrix protein to form the outer protein shell, and Pol encodes for the reverse transcriptase and integrase protein to synthesize and incorporate its genome into host cells. HIV-1 protease cleaves the Gag-pol polyprotein into 66 molecular species, including HIV-1 protease, integrase, and reverse transcriptase. Nelfinavir competitively binds to the active site of HIV-1 protease. This inhibition prevents the HIV virion from fully maturing and becoming infective. Using the lipid bilayer of the host cell, a virus is formed and released. The inhibition of HIV-1 protease prevents the necessary molecular species from forming, therefore preventing maturation and activation of viral particles. This forms immature, non-infectious viral particles, therefore, Nelfinavir prevents the virus from reproducing. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: March 20, 2023 at 12:09 Last Updated: March 20, 2023 at 12:09