PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW000610 View Pathway	drug metabolism Carbamazepine Metabolism Pathway Homo sapiens Carbamazepine is a drug used in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, trigeminal neuralgia, and other psychiatric disorders. Carbamazepine is almost entirely metabolized in the liver, with the primary metabolic pathway being conversion to 10,11-epoxycarbamazepine. Ring hydroxylation to 2-hydroxycarbamazepine and 3-hydroxycarbamazepine represent a minor metabolic route, presumably though a carbamazepine 2,3-epoxide intermediate. Potential bioactivation occurs via CYP3A4-mediated secondary oxidation of 2-hydroxycarbamazepine to the potentially reactive carbamazepine iminoquinone and of 3-hydroxycarbamazepine to form other reactive metabolites. Radicals can also be formed from metabolism of 3-hydroxycarbamazepine by myeloperoxidase. Oxcarbazepine, an anticonvulsant used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy, is converted to 10,11-dihydroxycarbamazepine via 10-hydroxycarbazepine. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: September 11, 2013 at 22:33 Last Updated: September 11, 2013 at 22:33
PW144681 View Pathway	drug action Carbamazepine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:12 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:12
PW147112 View Pathway	metabolic Carbachol Drug Metabolism Pathway Homo sapiens Gadoversetamide is a drug that is not metabolized by the human body as determined by current research and biotransformer analysis. Gadoversetamide passes through the liver and is then excreted from the body mainly through the kidney. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 11, 2023 at 09:29 Last Updated: October 11, 2023 at 09:29
PW124507 View Pathway	metabolic Captopril metabolic pathway Homo sapiens Captopril is a potent, competitive inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), the enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I (ATI) to angiotensin II (ATII). ATII regulates blood pressure and is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Captopril may be used in the treatment of hypertension. (DrugBank) Major metabolites are captopril-cysteine disulfide and the disulfide dimer of captopril. Metabolites are produced by Cytochrome P450 3A4 in the liver and may undergo reversible interconversion. These metabolites are excreted via the Organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1). BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Dorsa Yahya Rayat Created On: February 03, 2021 at 16:26 Last Updated: February 03, 2021 at 16:26
PW145284 View Pathway	drug action Captopril Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:28 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:28
PW122477 View Pathway	drug action Captopril Action Pathway (ACEI) Homo sapiens Captopril, brand name Capoten, belongs to the class of drugs known as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and is used primarily to lower high blood pressure (hypertension). This drug can also be used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and type II diabetes. Unlike other ACE inhibitors, Captopril is not a prodrug. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a component of the body's renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and cleaves inactive angiotensin I into the active vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. ACE (or kininase II) also degrades the potent vasodilator bradykinin. Consequently, ACE inhibitors decrease angiotensin II concentrations and increase bradykinin concentrations resulting in blood vessel dilation and thereby lowering blood pressure. Captopril is transported through the membrane and into the blood cells by solute carrier family 15 member 1 and solute carrier family 22 member 6. Multidrug resistance protein 1 transports captopril back through the membrane to later be renally excreted. Symptoms targeted by this drug are primarily high blood pressure, as well as congestive heart failure and type II diabetes. Side effects of this drug are cough, dizziness, headache, etc.. Affected organs are the heart and kidneys. Captopril is removed from the body through renal excretion. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Created On: April 29, 2019 at 09:39 Last Updated: April 29, 2019 at 09:39
PW000224 View Pathway	drug action Captopril Action Pathway Homo sapiens Benazepril, brand name Lotensin, belongs to the class of drugs known as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and is used primarily to lower high blood pressure (hypertension). This drug can also be used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and type II diabetes. Benazepril is a prodrug which, following oral administration, undergoes biotransformation in vivo into its active form benazeprilat via cleavage of its ester group by the liver. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a component of the body's renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and cleaves inactive angiotensin I into the active vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. ACE (or kininase II) also degrades the potent vasodilator bradykinin. Consequently, ACE inhibitors decrease angiotensin II concentrations and increase bradykinin concentrations resulting in blood vessel dilation and thereby lowering blood pressure. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: August 22, 2013 at 10:45 Last Updated: August 22, 2013 at 10:45
PW145782 View Pathway	drug action Capsaicin Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 16:38 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 16:38
PW144441 View Pathway	drug action Capreomycin Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 13:38 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 13:38
PW127873 View Pathway	drug action Capreomycin Action Pathway Homo sapiens Capreomycin, also known as Capastat, is an antibiotic from the aminoglycoside class. It is used as an adjunct drug in drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). Like many antibiotics, this drug is produced by a bacteria, Streptomyces capreolus. Capreomycin's exact mechanism of action is still unclear, but it is thought to bind the 70S ribosomal unit of bacteria. It binds to the 16S/23S rRNA (cytidine-2'-O)-methyltransferase TlyA. With this binding, the 16S rRNA can't interact with the 23S rRNA, this inhibits the translocation during the peptide elongation. Also, this drug affects protein synthesis by stabilizing the peptidyl-tRNA complex in the pretranslocation complex. Capreomycin is not absorbed in significant quantities from the gastrointestinal tract and must be administered parenterally (intramuscular or intravenous). The side effects are tinnitus, hearing loss, proteinuria, and renal dysfunction. As Mycobacterium Tuberculosis enters several cell types (neutrophils, macrophages, and endothelial cells) by phagocytosis, the drug is given by injection (intramuscular or intravenous). BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Daphnee Created On: June 13, 2023 at 15:37 Last Updated: June 13, 2023 at 15:37