PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW132529 View Pathway	metabolic Mecamylamine Drug Metabolism Homo sapiens Mecamylamine is a drug that is not metabolized by the human body as determined by current research and biotransformer analysis. Mecamylamine passes through the liver and is then excreted from the body mainly through the kidney. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: September 21, 2023 at 22:16 Last Updated: September 21, 2023 at 22:16
PW144770 View Pathway	drug action Mecamylamine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:23 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:23
PW128264 View Pathway	drug action Mechanism of Action Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: August 10, 2023 at 15:10 Last Updated: August 10, 2023 at 15:10
PW125973 View Pathway	drug action Mechlorethamine Action Pathway Homo sapiens Mechlorethamine also known as nitrogen mustard is an antineoplastic agent which is used to treat Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma, and chronic myelocytic and lymphocytic leukemia. It was formerly developed as a war gas but was then found to have antineoplastic properties. This drug is an analogue of mustard gas and was derived from the toxic gas' warfare research. Alkylating agents like mechlorethamine work by attaching alkyl groups to DNA bases (which prevents DNA synthesis and RNA transcription from affected DNA), damaging DNA by forming crosslinks intrastrand and interstrand (prevents DNA from being separated during synthesis and transcription) and the induction of mispairing of nucleotides leading to mutations. Mechlorethamine is cell cycle phase-nonspecific drug meaning that it targets cells during any phase of the cell cycle. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Kristen Yee Created On: May 12, 2021 at 13:40 Last Updated: May 12, 2021 at 13:40
PW128191 View Pathway	drug action Mechlorethamine Action Pathway (New) Homo sapiens Mechlorethamine, also known as Mustine or Valchlor, is an alkylating agent used as an antineoplastic drug. This molecule was formerly used as a war gas. This drug is indicated for the palliative treatment of Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma, mycosis fungoides, polycythemia vera, bronchogenic carcinoma, and chronic myelocytic. All the alkylating agents work by three different mechanisms to achieve the result: disruption of the cancerous cell's DNA in a cell cycle-nonspecific manner, thus causing apoptosis. The first mechanism of action of mechlorethamine is the fragmentation of DNA by the attachment of alkyl groups to DNA bases. It is because repair enzymes attempt to replace those baes. This prevents DNA synthesis and RNA transcription. Secondly, the drug also creates cross-links between atoms in the DNA, resulting in DNA damage and the impossibility to separate each strand for the transcription. The third mechanism is the induction of mispairing of the nucleotides, thus leading to mutations. This drug is administered as a topical gel or as an intravenous or intracavitary solution. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Daphnee Created On: July 31, 2023 at 15:29 Last Updated: July 31, 2023 at 15:29
PW144990 View Pathway	drug action Mechlorethamine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:52 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:52
PW176270 View Pathway	metabolic Mechlorethamine Predicted Metabolism Pathway Homo sapiens Metabolites of Mechlorethamine are predicted with biotransformer. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: December 04, 2023 at 14:25 Last Updated: December 04, 2023 at 14:25
PW144848 View Pathway	drug action Meclizine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:33 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:33
PW176581 View Pathway	drug action Meclizine H1 Antihistamine Smooth Muscle Relaxation Action Pathway Homo sapiens Meclizine is an H1 antihistamine used to treat insomnia and allergy symptoms such as hay fever and hives. It is also used with pyridoxine in the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. H1-antihistamines interfere with the agonist action of histamine at the H1 receptor and are administered to attenuate inflammatory process in order to treat conditions such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria. H1-antihistamines act on H1 receptors in T-cells to inhibit the immune response, in blood vessels to constrict dilated blood vessels, and in smooth muscles of lungs and intestines to relax those muscles. Allergies causes blood vessel dilation which causes swelling (edema) and fluid leakage. Meclizine also inhibits the H1 histamine receptor on bronchiole smooth muscle myocytes. This normally activates the Gq signalling cascade which activates phospholipase C which catalyzes the production of Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and Diacylglycerol (DAG). Because of the inhibition, IP3 doesn't activate the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and DAG doesn't activate the release of calcium into the cytosol of the endothelial cell. This causes a low concentration of calcium in the cytosol, and it, therefore, cannot bind to calmodulin.Calcium bound calmodulin is required for the activation of myosin light chain kinase. This prevents the phosphorylation of myosin light chain 3, causing an accumulation of myosin light chain 3. This causes muscle relaxation, opening up the bronchioles in the lungs, making breathing easier. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: December 19, 2023 at 12:47 Last Updated: December 19, 2023 at 12:47
PW059891 View Pathway	drug action Meclizine H1-Antihistamine Action Homo sapiens Meclizine (Meclozine) is a first-generation piperazine H1-antihistamine. H1-antihistamines interfere with the agonist action of histamine at the H1 receptor and are administered to attenuate inflammatory process in order to treat conditions such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria. Reducing the activity of the NF-κB immune response transcription factor through the phospholipase C and the phosphatidylinositol (PIP2) signalling pathways also decreases antigen presentation and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and chemotactic factors. Furthermore, lowering calcium ion concentration leads to increased mast cell stability which reduces further histamine release. First-generation antihistamines readily cross the blood-brain barrier and cause sedation and other adverse central nervous system (CNS) effects (e.g. nervousness and insomnia). Second-generation antihistamines are more selective for H1-receptors of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and do not cross the blood-brain barrier. Consequently, these newer drugs elicit fewer adverse drug reactions. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Carin Li Created On: September 18, 2017 at 16:11 Last Updated: September 18, 2017 at 16:11