PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW128259 View Pathway	drug action Tioguanine Action Pathway Homo sapiens Tioguanine is an antineoplastic agent from the purine analog class. This drug also has antimetabolite action. Tioguanine is indicated for remission induction and remission consolidation in the treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemias. When this drug enters the cells, it competes with hypoxanthine and guanine for the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase) and is itself converted to 6-thioguanilyic acid (TGMP), which reaches high intracellular concentrations at therapeutic doses. TGMP is a cytotoxic agent, it will interfere with the synthesis of guanine nucleotides by inhibiting the glutamine-5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate aminotransferase (de novo pathway of purine ribonucleotide synthesis) enzyme by pseudofeedback. Furthermore, TGMP also inhibits the conversion of inosinic acid (IMP) to xanthylic acid (XMP) by competition for the enzyme IMP dehydrogenase. Thioguanine nucleotides are incorporated into both the DNA and the RNA. The final result is the sequential blockade of the usage and synthesis of purines, leading to apoptosis in the S phase of the cell cycle. This drug is administered as an oral tablet. An overdose of tioguanine may result in symptoms like nausea, vomiting, malaise, hypotension, and diaphoresis. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Daphnee Created On: August 10, 2023 at 13:15 Last Updated: August 10, 2023 at 13:15
PW145823 View Pathway	drug action Tiopronin Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 16:45 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 16:45
PW145418 View Pathway	drug action Tiotropium Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:47 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:47
PW146103 View Pathway	drug action Tipiracil Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 17:25 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 17:25
PW127504 View Pathway	drug action Tipranavir Action Pathway Homo sapiens Tipranavir is a sulfonamide-containing dyhydropyrone and a nonpeptidic protease inhibitor used to treat HIV-1 resistant to more than 1 protease inhibitor. Protease inhibitors are almost always used in combination with at least two other anti-HIV drugs. The HIV virus binds and penetrates the host cell. Viral RNA is transcribed into viral DNA via reverse transcriptase. Viral DNA enters the host nucleus and is integrated into the host DNA via integrase. The DNA is then transcribed, creating viral mRNA. Viral mRNA is translater into the gag-pol polyprotein. HIV protease is synthesized as part of the Gag-pol polyprotein, where Gag encodes for the capsid and matrix protein to form the outer protein shell, and Pol encodes for the reverse transcriptase and integrase protein to synthesize and incorporate its genome into host cells. HIV-1 protease cleaves the Gag-pol polyprotein into 66 molecular species, including HIV-1 protease, integrase, and reverse transcriptase. Tipranavir competitively binds to the active site of HIV-1 protease. This inhibition prevents the HIV virion from fully maturing and becoming infective. Using the lipid bilayer of the host cell, a virus is formed and released. The inhibition of HIV-1 protease prevents the necessary molecular species from forming, therefore preventing maturation and activation of viral particles. This forms immature, non-infectious viral particles, therefore, Tipranavir prevents the virus from reproducing. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: March 22, 2023 at 11:56 Last Updated: March 22, 2023 at 11:56
PW145032 View Pathway	drug action Tipranavir Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:57 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:57
PW176147 View Pathway	metabolic Tipranavir Predicted Metabolism Pathway new Homo sapiens Metabolites of Tipranavir are predicted with biotransformer. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: November 29, 2023 at 14:19 Last Updated: November 29, 2023 at 14:19
PW145656 View Pathway	drug action Tirbanibulin Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 16:19 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 16:19
PW122410 View Pathway	drug action Tirofiban Action Homo sapiens Tirofiban is a platelet aggregation inhibitor drug sold under the name Aggrastat. It is specifically a small molecule that inhibits the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor of platelets. It is administered intravenously, and can act to decrease platelet aggregation by over 90% after the infusion, and can help prevent aggregation for up to two days after administration. In the vein, tirofiban causes a conformational change in the integrins on the surface of activated platelets. This prevents the binding of fibrinogen to these integrins, which in turn prevents the platelets from being held together by these fibrinogen fibres. The conformational change also prevents the binding of von Willebrand factor to the platelets, which also prevents aggregation and adhesion. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Eponine Oler Created On: March 25, 2019 at 21:24 Last Updated: March 25, 2019 at 21:24
PW000293 View Pathway	drug action Tirofiban Action Pathway Homo sapiens Tirofiban is a platelet aggregation inhibitor drug sold under the name Aggrastat. It is specifically a small molecule that inhibits the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor of platelets. It is administered intravenously, and can act to decrease platelet aggregation by over 90% after the infusion, and can help prevent aggregation for up to two days after administration. In the vein, tirofiban causes a conformational change in the integrins on the surface of activated platelets. This prevents the binding of fibrinogen to these integrins, which in turn prevents the platelets from being held together by these fibrinogen fibres. The conformational change also prevents the binding of von Willebrand factor to the platelets, which also prevents aggregation and adhesion. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: August 22, 2013 at 10:45 Last Updated: August 22, 2013 at 10:45