
PathWhiz ID | Pathway | Meta Data |
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PW124407 |
drug action
Bendroflumethiazide Action Pathway (New)Homo sapiens
Bendroflumethiazide is an oral diuretic drug that acts in the kidney, specifically in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. It is used to treat conditions such as familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. In the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), the regulation of ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and magnesium occurs. In epithelial cells of the DCT, the basolateral membrane consists of the Na+/K+ ATPase, which pumps Na+ into the interstitium-blood area and K+ into the epithelial cell; the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, which pumps Na+ into the cell and Ca2+ into the interstitium-blood; and the chloride transporter which transports chloride into the interstitium-blood. The apical membrane contains a calcium channel that transports calcium from the lumen into the epithelial cell, a potassium channel that transports K+ out of the epithelial cell, and a Na+/Cl- cotransporter which transports Na+ and Cl- into the epithelial cell. Bendroflumethiazide targets this Na+/Cl- cotransporter. Bendroflumethiazide is transported from the blood into the epithelial cells, then is transported into the urine through the multidrug-resistant associated protein-4. In the lumen, it has access to the Na+/Cl- transporter and inhibits it preventing Na+ reabsorption. The inhibition of Na+ reabsorption results in a low cytosolic concentration of Na+ and increases the solute concentration of the lumen. This decreases the lumen-epithelial cell concentration gradient and as a result, less water would be reabsorbed from the urine. This effect is valued in conditions such as hypertension because it allows more water to be excreted in the urine rather than be absorbed in the blood which increases blood volume. Side effects such as thirst, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, constipation, joint pain, feeling faint or dizzy, unexpected weight loss, frequent thrush, bladder or skin infections, tiredness, blurred vision can occur from taking bendroflumethiazide. This drug is administered as an oral tablet.
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Creator: Karxena Harford Created On: December 30, 2020 at 18:21 Last Updated: December 30, 2020 at 18:21 |
PW000329 |
drug action
Bendroflumethiazide Action PathwayHomo sapiens
Bendroflumethiazide (also known as bendrofluazide (BAN) or Aprinox) is an organic compound that used for diuretic. It can inhibit the solute carrier family 12 member 3 (also known as sodium-chloride symporter) in the nephron to prevent water reabsorption. Solute carrier family 12 member 3 is also used for sodium reabsorption that count for 5% of total amount. Solute carrier family 12 member 3 transports chloride and sodium from lumen to epithelial cell, and sodium/potassium ATPases facilitate the export of sodium to basolateral interstitium to provide sodium gradient that will increase the osmolarity in interstitium, which lead to establishment of osmotic gradient for water reabsorption.
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Creator: WishartLab Created On: August 22, 2013 at 10:45 Last Updated: August 22, 2013 at 10:45 |
PW176519 |
Bendazac Predicted Metabolism PathwayHomo sapiens
Metabolites of Bendazac are predicted with biotransformer.
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Creator: Omolola Created On: December 13, 2023 at 13:51 Last Updated: December 13, 2023 at 13:51 |
PW146654 |
drug action
Bendazac Drug Metabolism Action PathwayHomo sapiens
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Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 18:43 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 18:43 |
PW145778 |
drug action
Bendamustine Drug Metabolism Action PathwayHomo sapiens
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Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 16:37 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 16:37 |
PW128208 |
drug action
Bendamustine Action PathwayHomo sapiens
Bendamustine is a nitrogen mustard used as an antineoplastic in chemotherapy. It is indicated to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that has progressed passed the treatment with rituximab. This drug is derived from another alkylating agent named mechlorethamine. As an alkylating agent, bendamustine causes bifunctional crosslinking between DNA bases. It is bifunctional because it can trigger intra- and inter-strand crosslinks. This prevents the replication and the transcription of the DNA. The general mechanism of action is unknown but those crosslinks in the DNA seem to result in cell death. This drug is able to do those crosslinks in quiescent or active cells. Bendamustine is administered as an intravenous or parenteral injection.
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Creator: Daphnee Created On: August 02, 2023 at 11:41 Last Updated: August 02, 2023 at 11:41 |
PW000567 |
Benazepril Metabolism PathwayHomo sapiens
Benazepril (trade name: Lotensin) belongs to the class of drugs known as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and is used primarily to lower high blood pressure (hypertension). This drug can also be used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and type II diabetes. Benazepril is a prodrug which, following oral administration, undergoes biotransformation in vivo into its active form benazeprilat via cleavage of its ester group by the liver. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a component of the body's renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and cleaves inactive angiotensin I into the active vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. ACE (or kininase II) also degrades the potent vasodilator bradykinin. Consequently, ACE inhibitors decrease angiotensin II concentrations and increase bradykinin concentrations resulting in blood vessel dilation and thereby lowering blood pressure.
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Creator: WishartLab Created On: September 11, 2013 at 22:32 Last Updated: September 11, 2013 at 22:32 |
PW124506 |
Benazepril metabolic pathwayHomo sapiens
Benazepril, brand name Lotensin, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), congestive heart failure, and chronic renal failure. Cleavage of the ester group (primarily in the liver) converts benazepril to its active metabolite, benazeprilat by Cytochrome P450 3A4 in the liver. Benazepril and benazeprilat are conjugated to glucuronic acid prior to urinary excretion. Benazepril is excreted by Organic anion transporter 1.
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Creator: Dorsa Yahya Rayat Created On: February 03, 2021 at 16:10 Last Updated: February 03, 2021 at 16:10 |
PW144660 |
drug action
Benazepril Drug Metabolism Action PathwayHomo sapiens
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Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:09 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:09 |
PW122496 |
drug action
Benazepril Action Pathway (ACEI)Homo sapiens
Benazepril, brand name Lotensin, belongs to the class of drugs known as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and is used primarily to lower high blood pressure (hypertension). This drug can also be used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and type II diabetes. Benazepril is a prodrug which, following oral administration, undergoes biotransformation in vivo into its active form benazeprilat via cleavage of its ester group by the liver. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a component of the body's renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and cleaves inactive angiotensin I into the active vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. ACE (or kininase II) also degrades the potent vasodilator bradykinin. Consequently, ACE inhibitors decrease angiotensin II concentrations and increase bradykinin concentrations resulting in blood vessel dilation and thereby lowering blood pressure. Benazeprilat is transported through a cell membrane of the liver and into the blood cells by solute carrier family 15 member 1 and 2. After inhibiting ACE, the benazeprilat will be renally excreted. Symptoms targeted by benazepril are primarily high blood pressure, as well as congestive heart failure and type II diabetes. Side effects of benazepril are cough, dizziness, headache, etc.. The organs affected by benazepril are the heart and kidneys.
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Created On: May 01, 2019 at 11:23 Last Updated: May 01, 2019 at 11:23 |