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Pathway Description
Inositol Metabolism
Homo sapiens
Metabolic Pathway
Created: 2013-08-19
Last Updated: 2023-10-25
The carbocyclic polyol inositol (otherwise known as myo-inositol) has a significant role in physiological systems as many secondary eukaryotic messengers derive their structure from inositol. Examples of secondary messengers derived from inositol include inositol phosphates, phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) lipids.
Inositol is abundant in many commonly consumed foods such as bran-rich cereals, beans, nuts, and fruit (particularly cantaloupe, melons, and oranges). It can also be synthesized by the body through the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate into mho-inositol under the following pathway: (1) glucose-6-phosphate undergoes isomerization due to the action of inositol-3-phosphate synthase (ASYNA1) which produces myo-inositol 3-phosphate; (2) myo-inositol 3-phosphate undergoes dephosphorylation via the action of inositol monophosphatase (IMPase 1) to produce myo-inositol. From this point, myo-inositol can move through multiple different fates depending on the secondary messenger being synthesized. For phosphatidyliositol, phosphatidylinositol synthase generates it with the substrates CDP-diacylglycerol and myo-inositol. Phosphatidyliositol can be modified further to generate phosphatidylinositol phosphate lipids via the action of class I, II and III phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI 3-kinases). Other messengers (i.e. inositol phosphates) can be produced with the phospholipase C-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol phosphates or with the action of other enzymes that remove or add phosphate groups.
References
Inositol Metabolism References
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Pubmed: 15464731
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Pubmed: 12941308
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Pubmed: 30420721
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Pubmed: 12027805
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Pubmed: 12223481
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Pubmed: 8662638
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Pubmed: 12084730
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Pubmed: 14702039
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Pubmed: 15164053
Gimm O, Chi H, Dahia PL, Perren A, Hinze R, Komminoth P, Dralle H, Reynolds PR, Eng C: Somatic mutation and germline variants of MINPP1, a phosphatase gene located in proximity to PTEN on 10q23.3, in follicular thyroid carcinomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Apr;86(4):1801-5. doi: 10.1210/jcem.86.4.7419.
Pubmed: 11297621
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Pubmed: 9923613
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Pubmed: 10087200
Takazawa K, Perret J, Dumont JE, Erneux C: Molecular cloning and expression of a human brain inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Jan 31;174(2):529-35. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(91)91449-m.
Pubmed: 1847047
Takazawa K, Perret J, Dumont JE, Erneux C: Human brain inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase cDNA sequence. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Dec 11;18(23):7141. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.23.7141.
Pubmed: 2175886
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. doi: 10.1101/gr.2596504.
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Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP, et al.: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. Nature. 1999 Dec 2;402(6761):489-95. doi: 10.1038/990031.
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Lovlie R, Gulbrandsen AK, Molven A, Steen VM: Genomic structure and sequence analysis of a human inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase gene (INPP1). Pharmacogenetics. 1999 Aug;9(4):517-28.
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York JD, Veile RA, Donis-Keller H, Majerus PW: Cloning, heterologous expression, and chromosomal localization of human inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Jun 15;90(12):5833-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.12.5833.
Pubmed: 8390685
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