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Pathway Description
Gout or Kelley-Seegmiller Syndrome
Homo sapiens
Disease Pathway
Created: 2013-08-01
Last Updated: 2022-12-02
Gout, also called Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome, is a condition that is hereditary and causes an excess in the production of uric acid in the body. It is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. When working properly, this enzyme works to restore purines. These purines are salvaged from degraded DNA and are used towards purine synthesis. When uric acid builds up as it is being overproduced, needle-like crystals are formed and can provoke sudden attacks of pain in the joints, the big toe and in other places around the body. Unlike Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, this condition does not present neurological conditions and can be treated with medication.
References
Gout or Kelley-Seegmiller Syndrome References
[OMIM: Entry 300323](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=300323)
Zoref-Shani E, Feinstein S, Frishberg Y, Bromberg Y, Sperling O: Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome due to a unique variant of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase: reduced affinity for 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate manifested only at low, physiological substrate concentrations. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Feb 21;1500(2):197-203.
Pubmed: 10657589
Kelley WN, Rosenbloom FM, Henderson JF, Seegmiller JE: A specific enzyme defect in gout associated with overproduction of uric acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1967 Jun;57(6):1735-9.
Pubmed: 4291947
Khattak FH, Morris IM, Harris K: Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. Br J Rheumatol. 1998 May;37(5):580-1.
Pubmed: 9651092
Purine Metabolism References
Lehninger, A.L. Lehninger principles of biochemistry (4th ed.)Â (2005). New York: W.H Freeman.
Salway, J.G. Metabolism at a glance (3rd ed.) (2004). Alden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub.
Garcia-Gil M, Camici M, Allegrini S, Pesi R, Petrotto E, Tozzi MG: Emerging Role of Purine Metabolizing Enzymes in Brain Function and Tumors. Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Nov 14;19(11). pii: ijms19113598. doi: 10.3390/ijms19113598.
Pubmed: 30441833
Davies O, Mendes P, Smallbone K, Malys N: Characterisation of multiple substrate-specific (d)ITP/(d)XTPase and modelling of deaminated purine nucleotide metabolism. BMB Rep. 2012 Apr;45(4):259-64.
Pubmed: 22531138
Thorne NM, Hankin S, Wilkinson MC, Nunez C, Barraclough R, McLennan AG: Human diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase is a member of the MutT family of nucleotide pyrophosphatases. Biochem J. 1995 Nov 1;311 ( Pt 3):717-21. doi: 10.1042/bj3110717.
Pubmed: 7487923
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Pubmed: 15489334
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Pubmed: 10453732
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Pubmed: 14702039
Muzny DM, Scherer SE, Kaul R, Wang J, Yu J, Sudbrak R, Buhay CJ, Chen R, Cree A, Ding Y, Dugan-Rocha S, Gill R, Gunaratne P, Harris RA, Hawes AC, Hernandez J, Hodgson AV, Hume J, Jackson A, Khan ZM, Kovar-Smith C, Lewis LR, Lozado RJ, Metzker ML, Milosavljevic A, Miner GR, Morgan MB, Nazareth LV, Scott G, Sodergren E, Song XZ, Steffen D, Wei S, Wheeler DA, Wright MW, Worley KC, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Adams CQ, Ansari-Lari MA, Ayele M, Brown MJ, Chen G, Chen Z, Clendenning J, Clerc-Blankenburg KP, Chen R, Chen Z, Davis C, Delgado O, Dinh HH, Dong W, Draper H, Ernst S, Fu G, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Garcia DK, Gillett W, Gu J, Hao B, Haugen E, Havlak P, He X, Hennig S, Hu S, Huang W, Jackson LR, Jacob LS, Kelly SH, Kube M, Levy R, Li Z, Liu B, Liu J, Liu W, Lu J, Maheshwari M, Nguyen BV, Okwuonu GO, Palmeiri A, Pasternak S, Perez LM, Phelps KA, Plopper FJ, Qiang B, Raymond C, Rodriguez R, Saenphimmachak C, Santibanez J, Shen H, Shen Y, Subramanian S, Tabor PE, Verduzco D, Waldron L, Wang J, Wang J, Wang Q, Williams GA, Wong GK, Yao Z, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhao G, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Nelson D, Lehrach H, Reinhardt R, Naylor SL, Yang H, Olson M, Weinstock G, Gibbs RA: The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3. Nature. 2006 Apr 27;440(7088):1194-8. doi: 10.1038/nature04728.
Pubmed: 16641997
Chadwick BP, Frischauf AM: The CD39-like gene family: identification of three new human members (CD39L2, CD39L3, and CD39L4), their murine homologues, and a member of the gene family from Drosophila melanogaster. Genomics. 1998 Jun 15;50(3):357-67. doi: 10.1006/geno.1998.5317.
Pubmed: 9676430
Recio JA, Zambrano N, Pena Ld, Reig JA, Rhoads A, Rouzaut A, Notario V: The human PCPH proto-oncogene: cDNA identification, primary structure, chromosomal mapping, and expression in normal and tumor cells. Mol Carcinog. 2000 Mar;27(3):229-36.
Pubmed: 10708485
Murphy-Piedmonte DM, Crawford PA, Kirley TL: Bacterial expression, folding, purification and characterization of soluble NTPDase5 (CD39L4) ecto-nucleotidase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 Mar 14;1747(2):251-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2004.11.017. Epub 2005 Jan 11.
Pubmed: 15698960
Knowles AF, Li C: Molecular cloning and characterization of expressed human ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 8 (E-NTPDase 8) and its soluble extracellular domain. Biochemistry. 2006 Jun 13;45(23):7323-33. doi: 10.1021/bi052268e.
Pubmed: 16752921
Fausther M, Lecka J, Kukulski F, Levesque SA, Pelletier J, Zimmermann H, Dranoff JA, Sevigny J: Cloning, purification, and identification of the liver canalicular ecto-ATPase as NTPDase8. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2007 Mar;292(3):G785-95. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00293.2006. Epub 2006 Nov 9.
Pubmed: 17095758
Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, Baker K, Baldwin D, Brush J, Chen J, Chow B, Chui C, Crowley C, Currell B, Deuel B, Dowd P, Eaton D, Foster J, Grimaldi C, Gu Q, Hass PE, Heldens S, Huang A, Kim HS, Klimowski L, Jin Y, Johnson S, Lee J, Lewis L, Liao D, Mark M, Robbie E, Sanchez C, Schoenfeld J, Seshagiri S, Simmons L, Singh J, Smith V, Stinson J, Vagts A, Vandlen R, Watanabe C, Wieand D, Woods K, Xie MH, Yansura D, Yi S, Yu G, Yuan J, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Goddard A, Wood WI, Godowski P, Gray A: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. Genome Res. 2003 Oct;13(10):2265-70. doi: 10.1101/gr.1293003. Epub 2003 Sep 15.
Pubmed: 12975309
Fitzgibbon J, Katsanis N, Wells D, Delhanty J, Vallins W, Hunt DM: Human guanylate kinase (GUK1): cDNA sequence, expression and chromosomal localisation. FEBS Lett. 1996 May 6;385(3):185-8. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00365-1.
Pubmed: 8647247
Brady WA, Kokoris MS, Fitzgibbon M, Black ME: Cloning, characterization, and modeling of mouse and human guanylate kinases. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jul 12;271(28):16734-40. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.28.16734.
Pubmed: 8663313
Oka J, Matsumoto A, Hosokawa Y, Inoue S: Molecular cloning of human cytosolic purine 5'-nucleotidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Nov 30;205(1):917-22. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2752.
Pubmed: 7999131
Deloukas P, Earthrowl ME, Grafham DV, Rubenfield M, French L, Steward CA, Sims SK, Jones MC, Searle S, Scott C, Howe K, Hunt SE, Andrews TD, Gilbert JG, Swarbreck D, Ashurst JL, Taylor A, Battles J, Bird CP, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ashwell RI, Ambrose KD, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Bates K, Beasley H, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Cahill P, Camire D, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Corby N, Coulson A, Dhami P, Dutta I, Dunn M, Faulkner L, Frankish A, Frankland JA, Garner P, Garnett J, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gustafson E, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart E, Heath PD, Ho TP, Hopkins B, Horne J, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hynds C, Johnson C, Johnson D, Kana A, Kay M, Kimberley AM, Kershaw JK, Kokkinaki M, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lee HM, Leongamornlert DA, Laird G, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nguyen M, Overton-Larty E, Palmer SA, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Porter K, Rice CM, Rogosin A, Ross MT, Sarafidou T, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith M, Standring L, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Torcasso W, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tsolas J, Wall M, Walsh J, Wang H, Weinstock K, West AP, Willey DL, Whitehead SL, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Chen Y, Lovering RC, Moschonas NK, Siebert R, Fechtel K, Bentley D, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Doucette-Stamm L, Beck S, Smith DR, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):375-81. doi: 10.1038/nature02462.
Pubmed: 15164054
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Pubmed: 8692979
Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Kremitzki C, Oddy L, Du H, Sun H, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Carter J, Cordes M, Harris A, Isak A, van Brunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Abbott S, Armstrong J, Belter EA, Caruso L, Cedroni M, Cotton M, Davidson T, Desai A, Elliott G, Erb T, Fronick C, Gaige T, Haakenson W, Haglund K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Kim K, Kruchowski SS, Strong CM, Grewal N, Goyea E, Hou S, Levy A, Martinka S, Mead K, McLellan MD, Meyer R, Randall-Maher J, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Shah N, Swearengen-Shahid S, Snider J, Strong JT, Thompson J, Yoakum M, Leonard S, Pearman C, Trani L, Radionenko M, Waligorski JE, Wang C, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Maupin R, Latreille P, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Pohl C, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Berkowicz N, Nelson JO, Osborne J, Ding L, Meyer R, Sabo A, Shotland Y, Sinha P, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Jones TA, She X, Ciccarelli FD, Izaurralde E, Taylor J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Cox DR, Huang X, McPherson JD, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Chinwalla AT, Eddy SR, Marra MA, Ovcharenko I, Furey TS, Miller W, Eichler EE, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature. 2005 Apr 7;434(7034):724-31. doi: 10.1038/nature03466.
Pubmed: 15815621
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