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Pathway Description
Morphine Action Pathway
Homo sapiens
Drug Action Pathway
Created: 2013-08-22
Last Updated: 2019-08-16
Morphine exerts its analgesic by acting on the mu-opioid receptor of sensory neurons. Binding to the mu-opioid receptor activates associated G(i) proteins. These subsequently act to inhibit adenylate cyclase, reducing the level of intracellular cAMP. G(i) also activates potassium channels and inactivates calcium channels causing the neuron to hyperpolarize. The end result is decreased nerve conduction and reduced neurotransmitter release, which blocks the perception of pain signals.
References
Morphine Pathway References
Maurer HH, Sauer C, Theobald DS: Toxicokinetics of drugs of abuse: current knowledge of the isoenzymes involved in the human metabolism of tetrahydrocannabinol, cocaine, heroin, morphine, and codeine. Ther Drug Monit. 2006 Jun;28(3):447-53. doi: 10.1097/01.ftd.0000211812.27558.6e.
Pubmed: 16778732
Opioids. (2009). e-CPS (online version of Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties). Retrieved October 25, 2009.
Wang JB, Johnson PS, Persico AM, Hawkins AL, Griffin CA, Uhl GR: Human mu opiate receptor. cDNA and genomic clones, pharmacologic characterization and chromosomal assignment. FEBS Lett. 1994 Jan 31;338(2):217-22. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)80368-4.
Pubmed: 7905839
Bare LA, Mansson E, Yang D: Expression of two variants of the human mu opioid receptor mRNA in SK-N-SH cells and human brain. FEBS Lett. 1994 Nov 7;354(2):213-6. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)01129-x.
Pubmed: 7957926
Mestek A, Hurley JH, Bye LS, Campbell AD, Chen Y, Tian M, Liu J, Schulman H, Yu L: The human mu opioid receptor: modulation of functional desensitization by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C. J Neurosci. 1995 Mar;15(3 Pt 2):2396-406.
Pubmed: 7891175
Ritter JK, Sheen YY, Owens IS: Cloning and expression of human liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in COS-1 cells. 3,4-catechol estrogens and estriol as primary substrates. J Biol Chem. 1990 May 15;265(14):7900-6.
Pubmed: 2159463
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Pubmed: 14702039
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Pubmed: 15815621
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Pubmed: 29706351
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Pubmed: 11147971
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Pubmed: 10827079
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Pubmed: 15489334
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Pubmed: 16541075
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Pubmed: 21269460
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Pubmed: 2840249
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Pubmed: 15164053
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Pubmed: 15616553
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Pubmed: 2549034
Huang SH, Tomich JM, Wu H, Jong A, Holcenberg J: Human deoxycytidine kinase. Sequence of cDNA clones and analysis of expression in cell lines with and without enzyme activity. J Biol Chem. 1991 Mar 15;266(8):5353.
Pubmed: 2002068
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Neuron Function References
Lovinger DM: Communication networks in the brain: neurons, receptors, neurotransmitters, and alcohol. Alcohol Res Health. 2008;31(3):196-214.
Pubmed: 23584863
Kress GJ, Mennerick S: Action potential initiation and propagation: upstream influences on neurotransmission. Neuroscience. 2009 Jan 12;158(1):211-22. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.03.021. Epub 2008 Mar 19.
Pubmed: 18472347
Platkiewicz J, Brette R: A threshold equation for action potential initiation. PLoS Comput Biol. 2010 Jul 8;6(7):e1000850. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000850.
Pubmed: 20628619
Wang JB, Johnson PS, Persico AM, Hawkins AL, Griffin CA, Uhl GR: Human mu opiate receptor. cDNA and genomic clones, pharmacologic characterization and chromosomal assignment. FEBS Lett. 1994 Jan 31;338(2):217-22. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)80368-4.
Pubmed: 7905839
Bare LA, Mansson E, Yang D: Expression of two variants of the human mu opioid receptor mRNA in SK-N-SH cells and human brain. FEBS Lett. 1994 Nov 7;354(2):213-6. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)01129-x.
Pubmed: 7957926
Mestek A, Hurley JH, Bye LS, Campbell AD, Chen Y, Tian M, Liu J, Schulman H, Yu L: The human mu opioid receptor: modulation of functional desensitization by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C. J Neurosci. 1995 Mar;15(3 Pt 2):2396-406.
Pubmed: 7891175
Ritter JK, Sheen YY, Owens IS: Cloning and expression of human liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in COS-1 cells. 3,4-catechol estrogens and estriol as primary substrates. J Biol Chem. 1990 May 15;265(14):7900-6.
Pubmed: 2159463
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. doi: 10.1038/ng1285. Epub 2003 Dec 21.
Pubmed: 14702039
Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Kremitzki C, Oddy L, Du H, Sun H, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Carter J, Cordes M, Harris A, Isak A, van Brunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Abbott S, Armstrong J, Belter EA, Caruso L, Cedroni M, Cotton M, Davidson T, Desai A, Elliott G, Erb T, Fronick C, Gaige T, Haakenson W, Haglund K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Kim K, Kruchowski SS, Strong CM, Grewal N, Goyea E, Hou S, Levy A, Martinka S, Mead K, McLellan MD, Meyer R, Randall-Maher J, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Shah N, Swearengen-Shahid S, Snider J, Strong JT, Thompson J, Yoakum M, Leonard S, Pearman C, Trani L, Radionenko M, Waligorski JE, Wang C, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Maupin R, Latreille P, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Pohl C, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Berkowicz N, Nelson JO, Osborne J, Ding L, Meyer R, Sabo A, Shotland Y, Sinha P, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Jones TA, She X, Ciccarelli FD, Izaurralde E, Taylor J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Cox DR, Huang X, McPherson JD, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Chinwalla AT, Eddy SR, Marra MA, Ovcharenko I, Furey TS, Miller W, Eichler EE, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature. 2005 Apr 7;434(7034):724-31. doi: 10.1038/nature03466.
Pubmed: 15815621
Cornec-Le Gall E, Olson RJ, Besse W, Heyer CM, Gainullin VG, Smith JM, Audrezet MP, Hopp K, Porath B, Shi B, Baheti S, Senum SR, Arroyo J, Madsen CD, Ferec C, Joly D, Jouret F, Fikri-Benbrahim O, Charasse C, Coulibaly JM, Yu AS, Khalili K, Pei Y, Somlo S, Le Meur Y, Torres VE, Harris PC: Monoallelic Mutations to DNAJB11 Cause Atypical Autosomal-Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Am J Hum Genet. 2018 May 3;102(5):832-844. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.03.013. Epub 2018 Apr 26.
Pubmed: 29706351
Ohtsuka K, Hata M: Mammalian HSP40/DNAJ homologs: cloning of novel cDNAs and a proposal for their classification and nomenclature. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2000 Apr;5(2):98-112. doi: 10.1379/1466-1268(2000)005<0098:mhdhco>2.0.co;2.
Pubmed: 11147971
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Pubmed: 10827079
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