PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW145009 View Pathway	drug action Quinidine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:54 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:54
PW126647 View Pathway	drug action Quinine Action Pathway Homo sapiens Quinine is an alkaloid used to treat uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. It is used parenterally to treat life-threatening infections caused by chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The plasmodium falciparum invades the erythrocytes in blood. Quinine accumulates in the parasite’s food vacuole and inhibits the enzyme heme ligase. Heme ligase is involved in hemoglobin breakdown. Hemoglobin from the erythrocyte is broken down in the digestive vacuole of the parasite. Hemoglobin is first broken down into heme and globin. Globin is further broken down to amino acids which are used by the parasite for nutrition and protein synthesis. Therefore, hemoglobin breakdown is essential for the parasite survival. The heme from hemoglobin is toxic to the parasite and is further broken down by heme ligase to detoxify heme. By quinine inhibiting heme ligase, there is a build up of heme in the parasite vacuole which becomes toxic to the parasite, thereby killing it. Quinine has a bitter taste, and oral compliance is often poor. It is irritant to the gastric mucosa and can cause nausea and vomiting. Cinchonism can occur with exceeded plasma concentration in which symptoms like nausea, dizziness, tinnitus, headache and blurring of vision are experienced. Excessive plasma levels may also cause hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias and severe central nervous system (CNS) disturbances such as delirium and coma. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Karxena Harford Created On: February 08, 2022 at 04:25 Last Updated: February 08, 2022 at 04:25
PW144590 View Pathway	drug action Quinine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 13:58 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 13:58
PW146618 View Pathway	drug action Quinupramine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 18:38 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 18:38
PW128367 View Pathway	drug action Quinupristin Action Pathway Homo sapiens Quinupristin is an antibiotic agent usually used in combination with dalfopristin, to treat Enterococcus faecium bacteremia and skin infections. It inhibits the late phase of protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit preventing elongation of the forming polypeptide and causing the protein chain to be released prematurely creating a non-functional protein. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Selena Created On: August 24, 2023 at 12:52 Last Updated: August 24, 2023 at 12:52
PW145400 View Pathway	drug action Quinupristin Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:45 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:45
PW000836 View Pathway	signaling Quorum Sensing Escherichia coli Bacterial Autoinducer 2 (AI-2) mediates the quorum sensing 2 system. AI-2 is catalyzed by the luxS enzyme found in both E.coli and S.typhimurium. In E. coli and most pathogenic bacteria that form AI-2 are spontaneous transformations that include cyclization to (2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,4-dihydroxydihydrofuran-3-one and hydration to the final autoinducer (2R,4S)-2-methyl-2,3,3,4-tetrahydroxytetrahydrofuran. This product is then released from the cell through the AI-2 transporter (tqsA). As the level of AI-2 increases, other cells detect it and import it through the autoinducer-2 ABC transporter (lsrACDB). AI-2 is then degraded in the cells by phosphorylating the AI-2 which is then isomerized to P-HPD. Finally there is a transfer of P-HPD's acetyl group to coenzyme A and the release of dihydroxyacetone phosphates. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: miguel ramirez Created On: April 03, 2015 at 20:44 Last Updated: April 03, 2015 at 20:44
PW124458 View Pathway	metabolic qwer actinobacillus succinogenes 130Z BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Guest: Anonymous Created On: January 15, 2021 at 10:57 Last Updated: January 15, 2021 at 10:57
PW056887 View Pathway	signaling RA Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Guest: Anonymous Created On: September 13, 2017 at 10:31 Last Updated: September 13, 2017 at 10:31
PW056256 View Pathway	metabolic ra Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Guest: Anonymous Created On: September 12, 2017 at 18:33 Last Updated: September 12, 2017 at 18:33