PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW128615 View Pathway	drug action Vanoxerine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor Action Pathway Homo sapiens Vanoxerine is an investigational drug that is a selective dopamine transporter antagonist that has not been approved for therapeutic use but is indicated to help treat cocaine addiction. It was developed as a treatment for depression but was found to have a higher affinity for the dopamine reuptake transporter with a slower dissociation rate than cocaine, indicating its use in cocaine addiction. Vanoxerine does have a moderate potential to be abused by humans as it stimulates the nervous system through the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine, which prolongs their duration in the synapse so that they can bind more readily to the receptors. This drug can inhibit cocaine binding sites at the dopamine transporters. The mechanism is not fully understood, but may be similar to other dopamine reuptake inhibitors where Vanoxerine would cross the blood-brain barrier through diffusion. Dopamine is synthesized in the ventral tegmental area of the brain from tyrosine being synthesized into L-dopa by the enzyme Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase . L-Dopa is then synthesized into dopamine with the enzyme aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase. Dopamine then travels to the prefrontal cortex, which is released into the synapse when the neuron is stimulated and fires. Vanoxerine binds to the sodium-dependent dopamine transporter, preventing dopamine from re-entering the presynaptic neuron. The dopamine then binds to Dopamine D4 receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. The dopamine D4 receptor activates the Gi protein cascade which inhibits adenylate cyclase. This prevents adenylate cyclase from catalyzing ATP into cAMP. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ashley Zubkowski Created On: September 06, 2023 at 16:30 Last Updated: September 06, 2023 at 16:30
PW144966 View Pathway	drug action Vardenafil Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:49 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:49
PW176415 View Pathway	metabolic Vardenafil Predicted Metabolism Pathway Homo sapiens Metabolites of Vardenafil are predicted with biotransformer. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: December 07, 2023 at 17:02 Last Updated: December 07, 2023 at 17:02
PW145352 View Pathway	drug action Varenicline Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:38 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:38
PW144258 View Pathway	drug action Vasopressin Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 13:02 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 13:02
PW000447 View Pathway	protein Vasopressin Regulation of Water Homeostasis Homo sapiens The vasopressin V2 receptor is found in the kidneys. It serves a role in maintaining corporal water homeostasis. Malfunction of this receptor can lead to Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus. Vasopressin (aka Antidiuretic hormone) activates both follicle-stimulating hormone receptor as well as the V2 receptor G protein complex. From this complex, Guanine nucleotide binding protein G(s) protein reacts with Adenylate Cyclase Type 2, Adeonsine Triphosphate, as well as GTP and magnesium to produce cAMP and Pyrophosphate. cAMP then activates PKA (protein kinase A) which leads to changes in the concentration of water in urine. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: August 22, 2013 at 10:46 Last Updated: August 22, 2013 at 10:46
PW109223 View Pathway	protein Vasopressin Regulation of Water Homeostasis Bos taurus The vasopressin V2 receptor is found in the kidneys. It serves a role in maintaining corporal water homeostasis. Malfunction of this receptor can lead to Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus. Vasopressin (aka Antidiuretic hormone) activates both follicle-stimulating hormone receptor as well as the V2 receptor G protein complex. From this complex, Guanine nucleotide binding protein G(s) protein reacts with Adenylate Cyclase Type 2, Adeonsine Triphosphate, as well as GTP and magnesium to produce cAMP and Pyrophosphate. cAMP then activates PKA (protein kinase A) which leads to changes in the concentration of water in urine. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: August 31, 2018 at 12:36 Last Updated: August 31, 2018 at 12:36
PW109263 View Pathway	protein Vasopressin Regulation of Water Homeostasis Rattus norvegicus The vasopressin V2 receptor is found in the kidneys. It serves a role in maintaining corporal water homeostasis. Malfunction of this receptor can lead to Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus. Vasopressin (aka Antidiuretic hormone) activates both follicle-stimulating hormone receptor as well as the V2 receptor G protein complex. From this complex, Guanine nucleotide binding protein G(s) protein reacts with Adenylate Cyclase Type 2, Adeonsine Triphosphate, as well as GTP and magnesium to produce cAMP and Pyrophosphate. cAMP then activates PKA (protein kinase A) which leads to changes in the concentration of water in urine. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: August 31, 2018 at 12:45 Last Updated: August 31, 2018 at 12:45
PW109175 View Pathway	protein Vasopressin Regulation of Water Homeostasis Mus musculus The vasopressin V2 receptor is found in the kidneys. It serves a role in maintaining corporal water homeostasis. Malfunction of this receptor can lead to Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus. Vasopressin (aka Antidiuretic hormone) activates both follicle-stimulating hormone receptor as well as the V2 receptor G protein complex. From this complex, Guanine nucleotide binding protein G(s) protein reacts with Adenylate Cyclase Type 2, Adeonsine Triphosphate, as well as GTP and magnesium to produce cAMP and Pyrophosphate. cAMP then activates PKA (protein kinase A) which leads to changes in the concentration of water in urine. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ana Marcu Created On: August 31, 2018 at 12:27 Last Updated: August 31, 2018 at 12:27
PW000237 View Pathway	drug action Vatalanib Action Pathway Homo sapiens Vatalanib is an anti-VEGFR molecule in the treatment of cancer. Cancer cells tend to overexpress VEGF, which stimulates angiogenesis, facilitating cancer growth and metastasis. The majority of VEGF’s effects are mediated through its binding to the VEGFR-2 receptor on endothelial cell surfaces. Upon binding, the receptor autophosphorylates and initiates a signalling cascade, starting with the activation of CSK. CSK phosphorylates Raf-1, which subsequently phosphorylates MAP kinase kinase, which phosphorylates MAP kinase. The activated MAP kinase enters the nucleus and stimulates the expression of angiogenic factors resulting in increased cell proliferation, migration, permeability, invasion, and survival. Binding of VEGF to VEGFR-2 also activates phospholipase C PIP2 into DAG and IP3. DAG may be involved in the activation of Raf-1 leading to angiogenesis, while IP3 activates PI3K and triggers calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum. This ultimately leads to the activation of nitric oxide synthase and the production of nitric oxide, which stimulates vasodilation and increases vascular permeability. In cancer, VEGF has also been shown to bind to the VEGFR-1 receptor. However, its effects on angiogenesis are unclear at the moment. There are some evidence to show that VEGFR-1 may cross-talk with VEGFR-2 and initiate the signalling cascades described above. Vatalanib exerts its effect by binding to intracellular tyrosine kinase domain of VEGFR-2 and preventing receptor autophosphorylation and activation of downstream pathways, resulting in suppression of angiogenesis. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: August 22, 2013 at 10:45 Last Updated: August 22, 2013 at 10:45