PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW127233 View Pathway	drug action Vancomycin Action Pathway Staphylococcus aureus Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat severe but susceptible bacterial infections such as MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) infections. Administered intravenously, vancomycin is indicated in adult and pediatric patients for the treatment of septicemia, infective endocarditis, skin and skin structure infections, bone infections, and lower respiratory tract infections. Administered orally, vancomycin is indicated in adult and pediatric patients for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and for enterocolitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains). The bactericidal action of vancomycin results primarily from inhibition of cell-wall biosynthesis. Specifically, vancomycin prevents incorporation of N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)- and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)-peptide subunits from being incorporated into the peptidoglycan matrix, which forms the major structural component of Gram-positive cell walls. Vancomycin forms hydrogen bonds with the terminal D-alanyl-D-alanine moieties of the NAM/NAG-peptides, preventing the incorporation of the NAM/NAG-peptide subunits into the peptidoglycan matrix. Vancomycin may also alter bacterial-cell-membrane permeability and RNA synthesis. Vancomycin is not active in vitro against gram-negative bacilli, mycobacteria, or fungi. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Karxena Harford Created On: November 16, 2022 at 23:08 Last Updated: November 16, 2022 at 23:08
PW144631 View Pathway	drug action Vancomycin Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:04 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:04
PW145638 View Pathway	drug action Vandetanib Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 16:16 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 16:16
PW146345 View Pathway	drug action Vanillyl butyl ether Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 17:59 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 17:59
PW128615 View Pathway	drug action Vanoxerine Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor Action Pathway Homo sapiens Vanoxerine is an investigational drug that is a selective dopamine transporter antagonist that has not been approved for therapeutic use but is indicated to help treat cocaine addiction. It was developed as a treatment for depression but was found to have a higher affinity for the dopamine reuptake transporter with a slower dissociation rate than cocaine, indicating its use in cocaine addiction. Vanoxerine does have a moderate potential to be abused by humans as it stimulates the nervous system through the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine, which prolongs their duration in the synapse so that they can bind more readily to the receptors. This drug can inhibit cocaine binding sites at the dopamine transporters. The mechanism is not fully understood, but may be similar to other dopamine reuptake inhibitors where Vanoxerine would cross the blood-brain barrier through diffusion. Dopamine is synthesized in the ventral tegmental area of the brain from tyrosine being synthesized into L-dopa by the enzyme Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase . L-Dopa is then synthesized into dopamine with the enzyme aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase. Dopamine then travels to the prefrontal cortex, which is released into the synapse when the neuron is stimulated and fires. Vanoxerine binds to the sodium-dependent dopamine transporter, preventing dopamine from re-entering the presynaptic neuron. The dopamine then binds to Dopamine D4 receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. The dopamine D4 receptor activates the Gi protein cascade which inhibits adenylate cyclase. This prevents adenylate cyclase from catalyzing ATP into cAMP. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ashley Zubkowski Created On: September 06, 2023 at 16:30 Last Updated: September 06, 2023 at 16:30
PW144966 View Pathway	drug action Vardenafil Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 14:49 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 14:49
PW176415 View Pathway	metabolic Vardenafil Predicted Metabolism Pathway Homo sapiens Metabolites of Vardenafil are predicted with biotransformer. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Omolola Created On: December 07, 2023 at 17:02 Last Updated: December 07, 2023 at 17:02
PW145352 View Pathway	drug action Varenicline Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:38 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:38
PW144258 View Pathway	drug action Vasopressin Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 13:02 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 13:02
PW000447 View Pathway	protein Vasopressin Regulation of Water Homeostasis Homo sapiens The vasopressin V2 receptor is found in the kidneys. It serves a role in maintaining corporal water homeostasis. Malfunction of this receptor can lead to Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus. Vasopressin (aka Antidiuretic hormone) activates both follicle-stimulating hormone receptor as well as the V2 receptor G protein complex. From this complex, Guanine nucleotide binding protein G(s) protein reacts with Adenylate Cyclase Type 2, Adeonsine Triphosphate, as well as GTP and magnesium to produce cAMP and Pyrophosphate. cAMP then activates PKA (protein kinase A) which leads to changes in the concentration of water in urine. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: August 22, 2013 at 10:46 Last Updated: August 22, 2013 at 10:46