PathWhiz

PathWhiz ID	Pathway	Meta Data
PW145276 View Pathway	drug action Desflurane Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:27 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:27
PW127733 View Pathway	drug action Desflurane GABA(A) Anesthetic Action Pathway Homo sapiens Desflurane is a general inhalation anesthetic for inpatient and outpatient surgery in adults. It can be found under the brand name Suprane, and is a volatile anesthetic that is more rapidly cleared and less metabolized than previous inhaled anesthetics such as methoxyflurane, sevoflurane, enflurane, or isoflurane. It was developed in the late 1980s out of a need for a more rapidly acting and rapidly cleared inhaled anesthetic. The mechanism of inhalational anesthetics is still not fully understood. They can block excitatory ion channels and increase the activity of inhibitory ion channels. The most notable agonism is at the GABAA channel. Desflurane is also an agonist of glycine receptors, antagonist of glutamate receptors, inducer of potassium voltage gated channels, and inhibits both NADH-ubiquinone oxioreductase chain and calcium transporting ATPases. Some side effects of using desflurane may include bluish lips and/or skin, body aches, and congestion. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Hayley Created On: May 29, 2023 at 11:15 Last Updated: May 29, 2023 at 11:15
PW126676 View Pathway	drug action Desipramine (New) Drug Action Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Nitya Khetarpal Created On: February 16, 2022 at 14:17 Last Updated: February 16, 2022 at 14:17
PW000425 View Pathway	drug action Desipramine Action Pathway Homo sapiens Desipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant that exerts its therapeutic effects by inhibiting norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake in the brain. It does so by competing for the same binding site as norepinephrine on the sodium-dependent noradraneline transporter (SLC6A2) and by competing with serotonin for binding to the sodium-dependent serotonin transporter (SLC6A4). This increases the concentrations of both norepinephrine and serotonin in their respective synapses and reverses the state of low concentrations of both neurotransmitters found in depression. Higher concentrations of norepinephrine and serotonin have also been shown to have long-term neuromodulatory effects. Binding of these neurotransmitters to their respective receptors activate adenylate cyclase, which produces cAMP. cAMP activates protein kinase A which activates cAMP-responsive binding protein 1 (CREB-1). CREB-1 enters the nucleus and affects transcription of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF subsequently stimulates neurogenesis, which may contribute to the long-term reversal of depression. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: August 22, 2013 at 10:46 Last Updated: August 22, 2013 at 10:46
PW127947 View Pathway	drug action Desipramine Action Pathway (New) Homo sapiens Desipramine, also known as Norpramin, is a dibenzazepine-derivative tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used in the treatment of depression. In non-depressed individuals, desipramine does not affect mood but may cause sedation. In depressed individuals, desipramine exerts a positive effect on mood. Secondary amine TCAs, such as desipramine, are more potent inhibitors of norepinephrine reuptake than tertiary amine TCAs. It can also be used to manage chronic neuropathic pain, as a second-line agent for the management of anxiety disorders, and as a second or third-line agent in ADHD management. This drug is the active metabolite of imipramine, a tertiary amine TCA. It binds to the sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter and to the sodium-dependent serotonin transporter of the presynaptic neurons. In consequence, there is a high concentration of those two neurotransmitters in the synapses. This molecule is administered as an oral tablet. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Daphnee Created On: June 21, 2023 at 13:57 Last Updated: June 21, 2023 at 13:57
PW145239 View Pathway	drug action Desipramine Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:23 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:23
PW000602 View Pathway	drug metabolism Desipramine Metabolism Pathway Homo sapiens Desipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant that exerts its therapeutic effects by inhibiting norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake in the brain. It does so by competing for the same binding site as norepinephrine on the sodium-dependent noradraneline transporter (SLC6A2) and by competing with serotonin for binding to the sodium-dependent serotonin transporter (SLC6A4). This increases the concentrations of both norepinephrine and serotonin in their respective synapses and reverses the state of low concentrations of both neurotransmitters found in depression. Higher concentrations of norepinephrine and serotonin have also been shown to have long-term neuromodulatory effects. Binding of these neurotransmitters to their respective receptors activate adenylate cyclase, which produces cAMP. cAMP activates protein kinase A which activates cAMP-responsive binding protein 1 (CREB-1). CREB-1 enters the nucleus and affects transcription of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF subsequently stimulates neurogenesis, which may contribute to the long-term reversal of depression. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: WishartLab Created On: September 11, 2013 at 22:33 Last Updated: September 11, 2013 at 22:33
PW128032 View Pathway	drug action Desirudin Action Pathway Homo sapiens Desirudin is an inhibitor of thrombin, similar in structure to hirudin a naturally occurring anticoagulant peptide produced by salivary glands in leeches. This drug is administered to prevent deep vein thrombosis, some possible side effects include bleeding gums, blood collecting under the skin, coughing up blood, bruising and difficulty breathing and or swallowing. Desirudin binds to the active site of thrombin inhibiting the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, due to this stopping the formation of a blood clot. This is usually administered subcutaneously, it is then metabolized and eliminated via the kidney. Due to the anticoagulant properties herbs and supplements with anticoagulant and antiplatelet activity should be avoided, this includes ginger, garlic, bilberry, danshen, piracetam and ginkgo biloba. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Selena Created On: July 05, 2023 at 13:33 Last Updated: July 05, 2023 at 13:33
PW145169 View Pathway	drug action Deslanoside Drug Metabolism Action Pathway Homo sapiens BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: October 07, 2023 at 15:13 Last Updated: October 07, 2023 at 15:13
PW132530 View Pathway	metabolic Desloratadine Drug Metabolism Homo sapiens Desloratadine is a drug that is not metabolized by the human body as determined by current research and biotransformer analysis. Desloratadine passes through the liver and is then excreted from the body mainly through the kidney. BioPAX SVG SBGN SBML PWML All files (.zip)	Creator: Ray Kruger Created On: September 21, 2023 at 22:16 Last Updated: September 21, 2023 at 22:16